Syringomyelia: current concepts in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment

Syringomyelia is a condition that results in fluid-containing cavities within the parenchyma of the spinal cord as a consequence of altered cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. This review discusses the history and the classification of the disorder, the current theories of pathogenesis, and the advanced imaging modalities used in the diagnosis. The intramedullary pulse pressure theory (a new pathophysiologic concept of syringomyelia) also is presented. In addition, the current understanding of the painful nature of this condition is discussed and the current trends in medical and surgical management are reviewed.     

动物病理生理学教学实践中学生创新性思维能力的培养

为了探讨在动物病理生理学教学实践中学生创新性思维能力的培养。文章对作者在动物病理生理学长期教学实践中运用的科研式教学法、PBL教学法、网络教学、病例教学法、分层互动式教学、黑箱法、哲学思维教学、学导式教学等方法进行了总结。通过在动物病理生理学课堂教学和实验教学中以上几种教学方法的尝试,使动物医学专业学生尽早体验临床兽医师的角色,将基础兽医学所学理论知识与临床兽医学相结合,逐步使学生具有创新性思维能力,达到预期的教学效果。     

Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Equine: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Sepsis in equine describes a broad range of disorders with different underlying causes and often different prognoses. The syndrome can rapidly progress to septic shock and can result in hypoperfusion with subsequent multiple organ dysfunction including acute kidney injury (AKI). Despite extensive research and progress have been performed in several fields in equine medicine, the incidence as well as the mortality rate of sepsis-induced AKI remains unclear. Although sepsis is considered as the leading cause of AKI, the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are not completely understood and still a subject of ongoing debate. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology of sepsis-induced AKI, and to outline the diagnostic as well as the therapeutic potentials of the disease.     

Circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 in dogs with naturally occurring mitral regurgitation

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which mediates most effects of growth hormone, has effects on cardiac mass and function, and plays an important role in the regulation of vascular tone. In humans, an inverse relationship between degree of heart failure (HF) and circulating IGF-1 concentrations has been found in several studies. In dogs with HF, few studies have focused on IGF-1. We examined circulating IGF-1 concentrations in dogs with mitral regurgitation (MR) caused by myxomatous mitral valve disease. Study 1 included 88 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs) with a broad range of asymptomatic MR (median serum IGF-1: 76.7 microg/L; 25-75 percentile, 59.8-104.9 microg/L). As expected, standard body weight and percentage under- or overweight correlated directly with IGF-1. MR (assessed in 4 different ways) did not correlate with IGF-1. In study 2, 28 dogs with severe MR and stable, treated congestive HF had similar serum IGF-1 concentrations (median, 100.8 g/L; 25-75 percentile, 74.9-156.5 microg/L) as 11 control dogs (79.6 microg/L; 25-75 percentile, 64.1-187.4 microg/L; P = .84). In study 3, the plasma IGF-1 concentration of 15 untreated CKCSs with severe MR was 16.4 +/- 24.2 microg/L lower (P = .02) at the examination when decompensated HF had developed (80.8 +/- 30.9 microg/L) than at a visit 1-12 months earlier (97.2 +/- 39.8 microg/L), possibly in part due to an altered state of nutrition. The studies document that circulating IGF-1 concentrations are not altered before development of congestive HF in dogs with naturally occurring MR, but decrease by approximately 20% with the development of untreated HE In treated HF, circulating IGF-1 concentrations apparently return to within the reference range.     

Cyclooxygenase and gastrointestinal pathophysiology

A Review Cyclooxygenase is the key enzymes mediating prostaglandings release. In recent years, two isoforms of cyclooxygenase,a constitutive cyclooxygenase (COX-1) and an inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2), have been identified, from which people have known more about gastrointestinal pathophysiology. This article is a review of COX-1 and COX-2 on the distribution, inducement and regulation in gastrointestinal tract and its relation to programmed cell death, tumor, ulcer and Crohn's disease.     

人参软腐病参根内若干生物化学变化

对人参软腐病参根组织和健根组织进行了多种有机物成分分析,结果表明,在病根中人参总皂甙、粗淀粉、总含糖量都减少,但脂肪酸、木质素、还原糠和16种氨基酸的含量比健参根增加。