山东省鸡鼻气管鸟杆菌的分离与鉴定

【目的】对山东省鸡鼻气管鸟杆菌进行分离鉴定。【方法】采集山东省不同地区有呼吸道症状的病(死)鸡,进行鼻气管鸟杆菌(Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale,ORT)的分离,根据培养特性及生化试验和玻片凝集试验结果对分离的菌株进行鉴定;应用PCR方法对分离菌株16SrRNA基因的一段保守序列进行扩增,应用琼脂扩散沉淀试验(AGP)对分离菌株的血清型进行鉴定,并对分离株进行药敏试验。【结果】试验共分离到5株ORT,所有分离菌株均能扩增到1条长671bp的特异性片段,而阴性对照菌株的扩增结果为阴性;5株ORT分离菌株可分为3个血清型,其中血清A型3株、血清B型1株、血清D型1株;分离ORT菌株对羟氨苄青霉素、头孢曲松、丁胺卡那、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星高度敏感。【结论】从山东省病死肉鸡中分离鉴定到5株ORT。     

Why has oral rehydration for calves and children diverged: direct vs. indirect criteria of efficacy

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for acute diarrhoea has advanced in contrary directions in humans and animals; the unresolved question is whether this reflects species differences or a divergence in scientific outlook. This review suggests that the explanation lies in the fact that developments in veterinary ORT have the advantage of utilising more reliable criteria than those available from human patients. The dilemma for human ORT is that the validity of systematic reviews and meta-analyses are undermined when the underlying data only reflect crucial variables indirectly and unreliably. It is therefore possible that the approaches currently used to treat calves, which are radically different from those used by paediatricians, could potentially benefit children and the necessary additional research should be initiated. At a time when the value of animal models of human disease is frequently questioned, the benefits of being able to utilise disease models in the target species for clinical research deserve to be emphasised.     

鼻气管鸟疫杆菌中国株的鉴定

通过形态特征检验、常规生长实验、API-20NE生化试剂盒检验、PCR检验和血清学检验从疑似副鸡嗜血杆菌的野外分离株中鉴定出2株鼻气管鸟疫杆菌。     

鼻气管鸟杆菌对SPF雏鸡的致病性

通过气管、消化道和肌肉注射接种鼻气管鸟杆菌（Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale,ORT）人工感染SPF雏鸡,观察试验鸡的发病情况及症状,并检测各试验组和对照组的体质量;利用建立的PCR检测方法对试验组和对照组的排菌情况进行动态观察;于感染后不同时间随机剖杀试验组和对照组鸡只,采集心脏、肝脏、肺脏和气管等组织固定、切片、H.E.染色,观察各器官病理组织学变化,利用建立的IFA方法对ORT在雏鸡体内的分布进行研究,并进行血常规和血液生化指标检测。结果表明,ORT接种后,主要引起雏鸡的呼吸困难、咳嗽等症状,增重明显降低;病理组织学变化以肝脏、心脏组织细胞变性,气管和肺脏广泛性出血和炎性细胞浸润为特征;IFA阳性信号主要分布于肺脏和气管;从感染后2～8d一直可持续排菌;HGB、WBC、RBC、BUN和AST发生显著变化。这表明ORT感染主要引起雏鸡的呼吸系统病变,气管接种比消化道和肌肉注射接种对雏鸡致病性强,肺脏和气管是ORT侵害的主要靶器官。