Effects of Benzyl Adenine and Abscisic Acid on Grain Yield and Yield Components in Triticale and Wheat

Grain yield and yield components (grains per ear, grain weight, 1000-grain weight, ear weight, ear seed ratio and dry matter partitioning between ear and seed) were examined in a wheat genotype (PBW-343) with well-filled grains and a Triticale genotype (DT-46) with poorly filled grains (showing grain shrivelling) grown in pots. Six days after anthesis (DAA), benzyladenine (BA) @2 µg ear⁻¹ and abscisic acid (ABA) @4 µg ear⁻¹ were injected at the base of the mother shoot ear in both species. It was observed that, in both wheat and Triticale , BA increased the grain weight, grain number and partitioning of dry matter between ear and seed, whereas ABA decreased the grain weight, grain number and dry matter partitioning between ear and seed. However, these decreases were slower in Triticale than in wheat. BA treatment increased the grain dry matter accumulation, which in turn resulted in better filling of grains and increased the grain weight in both wheat and Triticale . The average grain weight of Triticale was lower than that of wheat. Thus, it appears that variation in grain weight between wheat and Triticale might be due to different availabilities of growth-promoting phytohormones such as cytokinins and assimilates.     

Spring Barley Responses to Row Spacing and Fungicide Triadimefon in Regions with a Short Crop-growing Season

Aspects of intensive management practices such as high-yielding cultivars, narrow-row spacings and fungicide treatments could potentially increase cereal yields in regions with a short crop-growing season and occasionally dry and hot weather. A field experiment was carried out at McGill University, Canada for three years (1987 to 1989) to test the effects of triadimefon (1-[4-chlorophenoxy]-3,3-dimethyl-1-[1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-2-butanone, or Bayleton, a trade name) fungicide (0 vs. 140 g a.i. ha⁻¹) and row spacing (10 vs. 20 cm) on the yield components, yield and other agronomic traits (spike emergence, days to maturity, leaf disease and plant height) of spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. Cadette, Laurier and Leger. A cultivar by row spacing interaction resulted in a 11 to 13.5 % increase in grain yield due to narrow rows for Laurier in two out of the three years and up to 16 % for Leger in one year. Over the three years grain yields were on average increased 6 to 12 % due to use of the narrower row spacing. Fungicide application to barley at the early heading stage effectively controlled leaf diseases without influence on yield components or grain yield. Our results indicate that some components of intensive management such as narrow row spacing can be applicable in regions with a short crop-growing season.     

白鱼属鱼类一新种及其营养成份

本文对路南金线白鱼新种作了详细描记，新种体背体侧上方有3条金色带可与该属所有种相区别。文中对其营养成分作了分析，结果表明路南金线白鱼是营养价值很高的优质鱼种，现该物种已处于濒临灭绝状态，应加强保护。     

Differences in Wheat Cultivar Response to N Supply. I: Differences in Grain Yield Formation

Two-year field trials with winter wheat cultivars Batis and Toronto were conducted in Southern Bavaria, Germany, to investigate the possible causes of cultivar differences in response to N supply varying in total amount and time of application. Cultivar-related differences in grain yields were observed in treatments with low and medium N supply. High doses of N supply resulted in grain yield adjustment or grain yield advantage for cv. Toronto. The results of this study revealed a consistent, genotypic pattern in response to N fertilization in spite of strong seasonal effects. Systematic modifications in canopy growth rates in response to N supply were of particular relevance and a main factor for differences in tillering intensity resulting in modified stand densities. In the present study, cultivar differences in spike development and interactions with N supply related more to abortion than to initiation processes for number of spikelets and number of flowers per spikelet. High grain density (grains per m²) of cv. Toronto was evident during reproduction stages even under conditions of medium N supply. However, decreased growth rates during the later part of grain filling in combination with low 1000 grain weight, which was barely modified by N fertilization, allowed only partial utilization of this potential. It is assumed that sink limitations were of particular relevance for grain yield development in cv. Toronto, while cv. Batis combined a less intense response to N supply with more stability in the development of grain yield components.     

用吹扫捕集法测定十字花科蔬菜中挥发性物质

采用吹扫捕集技术(Purge and Trap technique)对不同十字花科蔬菜中的挥发性成分进行了富集,以气质联用仪(GC／MS)进行鉴定。结果在白菜、羽衣甘蓝、芥蓝、青花菜、芥菜和大白菜中共鉴定出86种挥发性物质,化合物的种类包括醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类、硫醚类等,同时还发现了硫苷降解产物异硫氰酸盐和腈类等化合物。     

一例大食蚁兽贫血的诊治及分析

2017年天津市动物园首次引进大食蚁兽(Myrmecophaga tridactyla),雌、雄各1只,并于2018年7月16日产下1只雌性幼仔。在哺乳期间,雌兽面部出现丘疹状水泡,嗜睡,活动时快速徘徊,显现烦躁状态,四肢明显无力,食欲不佳,易呕吐,反复出血性肠炎。2019年9月,雌兽食量降至健康时的1/3,体重降至35 kg,减少15 kg。血生化检查显示,血氨与治疗后对比异常升高,丙氨酸氨基转移酶升高,红细胞、血红蛋白、血细胞比容偏低。血涂片瑞氏染色可见薄型红血球、卡波德环状小体和偏心红血球。根据实验室检查结果,初步诊断为营养性巨幼细胞贫血合并缺铁性贫血。治疗原则为保肝护肝,补充叶酸、维生素B₁₂和多种矿物质,降低饲料动物性蛋白质含量,调理胃肠道菌群。经过为期1年的治疗调理,该食蚁兽食欲、活动良好,体重增加至45 kg,各项指标趋于正常。     

锡林郭勒盟春季沙尘暴成因的气象因子分析

本文选取了锡林郭勒地区沙尘暴高发季节春季(3~5月)的大风日数、气温、相对湿度等气象因子,通过对当地气象因子的调查,采用基于因子分析的主成分提取方法,将气象因子分为3个主成分,并分析了各主成分的意义,通过对沙尘暴成因的各种气象因素所作的定量和定性分析,在沙尘暴的预报和监测中具有重要的实际意义。     

50年黑龙江省大豆遗传改良的产量及品质变化

本研究针对黑龙江省过去50年推广的大豆品种产量及品质变化进行研究。结果表明,品种推广年代与产量之间表现显著的线性回归关系,产量呈逐年增加的趋势,平均每年提高1．27％。产量的提高与英数、英粒数、粒数及收获指数密切相关,而与百粒重关系不大。经过50年的遗传改良,大豆蛋白质和脂肪含量变化不大,且品种间变异幅度较小。R2期（盛花期）叶氮含量、单株叶氮量、比叶氮及LAI（叶面积指数）与产量及品质关系不大,但此时期干物质重与产量里负相关关系,生育前期的干物质积累对产量的贡献不大。     

氮素用量对玉米子粒蛋白组分形成积累的影响

试验研究了不同施氮水平对春玉米子粒蛋白组分的影响。结果表明东农250、丰禾10子粒清蛋白含量呈下降趋势（东农250 NO处理灌浆初期略有升高）,四单19吐丝后7-21天略有增加而后下降;子粒球蛋白含量,东农250呈下降趋势（吐丝后7—21天略有升高）;四单19、丰禾10则先升高再降低而后略有升高再迅速降低;子粒醇溶蛋白含量呈高-低-高的变化趋势,不同品种间醇溶蛋白含量存在差异;子粒谷蛋白含量不断升高（东农250、四单19吐丝后21-28天略有降低）,不同品种春玉米谷蛋白含量存在差异。     

松花菜浙017花球成熟过程中的营养品质分析

以松花菜新品种浙017为试验材料,分析了花球不同生长发育时期的花球形态变化,花球中叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、可溶性总糖、维生素C、总多酚、芥子油苷等含量和抗氧化能力的变化。研究结果表明,松花菜花球从小到大,花球即从相对紧实转为松散,花球高度在生长到峰值后开始逐渐下降,而球径及球质量还能继续增长。花梗颜色从淡色逐渐转变为绿色,花球叶绿素及类胡萝卜素含量显著增长1~2倍。维生素C、可溶性总糖、总多酚以及抗氧化能力等在生长发育过程中存在着差异,但总体变化不明显。花球中共检测到12种芥子油苷,包括8种脂肪族芥子油苷和4种吲哚族芥子油苷。其中主要的脂肪族芥子油苷为3-甲基亚磺酰丙基芥子油苷,主要的吲哚族芥子油苷为吲哚-3-甲基芥子油苷。