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1.
刈割对牧草贮藏碳水化合物含量变化的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1993年在内蒙古典型草原研究了7种主要牧草的再生性,以及刈割对牧草贮藏碳水化合物含量变化的影响。结果表明,7种牧草的再生性不同。刈割后15d内,不同牧草以及同一种牧草在不同生长阶段,贮藏碳水化合物含量动态不同。总糖含量主要有3种类型:(1)减少—增加—减少;(2)增加—减少—增加;(3)减少—增加—增加。还原糖含量变化有时与总糖一致,有时则相反。 相似文献
2.
J. Müller 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1993,171(4):217-235
Dry Matter Production, CO2 Exchange, Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Content of Winter Wheat at Elevated CO2 Concentration and Drought Stress
Methods of mathematical modelling and simulation are being used to an increasing degree in estimating the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 concentration and changing climatic conditions on agricultural ecosystems. In this context, detailed knowledge is required about the possible effects on crop growth and physiological processes. To this aim, the influence of an elevated CO2 concentration and of drought stress on dry matter production, CO2 exchange, and on carbohydrate and nitrogen content was studied in two winter wheat varieties from shooting to milk ripeness. Elevated CO2 concentration leads to a compensation of drought stress and at optimal water supply to an increase of vegetative dry matter and of yield to the fourfold value. This effects were caused by enhanced growth of secondary tillers which were reduced in plants cultivated at atmospheric CO2 concentration. Analogous effects in the development of ear organs were influenced additionally by competitive interactions between the developing organs. The content and the mass of ethanol soluble carbohydrates in leaves and stems were increased after the CO2 treatment and exhausted more completely during the grain filling period after drought stress. Plants cultivated from shooting to milk ripeness at elevated CO2 concentration showed a reduced response of net photosynthesis rate to increasing CO2 concentration by comparison with untreated plants. The rate of dark respiration was increased in this plants. 相似文献
Methods of mathematical modelling and simulation are being used to an increasing degree in estimating the effects of rising atmospheric CO
3.
冷地早熟禾总非结构碳水化合物的季节动态 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
孙尚奇 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》1993,(4)
采用酸提法和水提法两种不同的提取方法对冷地早熟禾的总非结构碳水化合物(TNC)的季节动态进行了研究,同时进行了强度刈割试验以观测TNC与再生的关系。结果显示:冷地早熟禾的TNC季节变化呈宽“U”型,两种提取方法的TNC在返青后都有一个明显的下降过程,酸提TNC在开花期为最低点,水提TNC则是在抽茎期。抽穗期刈割对植株体的再生高度和分蘖数影响最大,而TNC和再生之间并未显示出显著的正相关关系。 相似文献
4.
5.
茭白肉质茎膨大过程中的糖代谢与激素含量变化 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
以单季茭白品种‘蒋墅茭’和双季茭白品种‘葑红早’为试材, 研究了秋季肉质茎膨大过程中物质运转的相关生理生化变化。结果表明, 随着肉质茎鲜质量、干质量快速增加, 非结构性碳水化合物主要成分含量总体上升, 后期出现下降, 蒋墅茭肉质茎中蔗糖含量较高; 糖分转化关键酶活性总体较高,转化酶活性以酸性转化酶较高且呈快速下降, 蒋墅茭的酸性转化酶活性高于葑红早而中性转化酶活性较低;蔗糖合成酶的分解方向活性显著高于合成方向, 且后期维持较高水平, 葑红早的双向活性均高于蒋墅茭;Z + ZR总体含量最高、下降最明显, GA4 其次, IAA也呈缓慢下降趋势, GA3、ABA含量极低, 且各激素均以葑红早高于蒋墅茭。茭白肉质茎干、鲜质量处于快速增长阶段的同时, 而内部生理生化快速下降, 说明茭白肉质茎膨大过程具有特殊性, 并且品种间存在差异。 相似文献
6.
7.
S. Shanmugam K. H. Kjaer C.‐O. Ottosen E. Rosenqvist D. Kumari Sharma B. Wollenweber 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2013,199(5):340-350
This study analysed the alleviating effect of elevated CO2 on stress‐induced decreases in photosynthesis and changes in carbohydrate metabolism in two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) of different origin. The plants were grown in ambient (400 μl l?1) and elevated (800 μl l?1) CO2 with a day/night temperature of 15/10 °C. At the growth stages of tillering, booting and anthesis, the plants were subjected to heat stress of 40 °C for three continuous days. Photosynthetic parameters, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and contents of pigments and carbohydrates in leaves were analysed before and during the stress treatments as well as after 1 day of recovery. Heat stress reduced PN and Fv/Fm in both wheat cultivars, but plants grown in elevated CO2 maintained higher PN and Fv/Fm in comparison with plants grown in ambient CO2. Heat stress reduced leaf chlorophyll contents and increased leaf sucrose contents in both cultivars grown at ambient and elevated CO2. The content of hexoses in the leaves increased mainly in the tolerant cultivar in response to the combination of elevated CO2 and heat stress. The results show that heat stress tolerance in wheat is related to cultivar origin, the phenological stage of the plants and can be alleviated by elevated CO2. This confirms the complex interrelation between environmental factors and genotypic traits that influence crop performance under various climatic stresses. 相似文献
8.
M. R. Islam Sergio C Garcia Ajantha Horadagoda Kendra L. Kerrisk Cameron E. F. Clark 《Grass and Forage Science》2020,75(1):96-110
Limited information is available on the grazing management principles of forage rape (Brassica napus L.), particularly in relation to grazing height and intensity and the impact of these on dry-matter (DM) yield and nutritive value. A glasshouse study was undertaken to investigate the effect of three defoliation heights (plant height at harvest; DH: 40, 70 and 90 cm; L, M and H DH respectively) and three defoliation intensities (height at which plants were cut; DI: 5, 20 and 35 cm of residual height; H, M and L DI respectively) on forage rape (cv Goliath) yield and nutritive value at two harvests (harvest 1, H1 and harvest 2, H2), and the impact of nitrogen (N) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) reserves on regrowth. Increasing DH from L to H increased estimated total DM yield (H1 plus H2) from 0.5 to 4.6 t DM/ha but DI did not affect yield. Dry-matter yield was optimized at 90 cm DH, but greater nutritive value was achieved by harvesting at lower levels of DH. Despite high in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD; 852–889 g/kg), harvesting at 90 cm DH could not meet the protein requirement of lactating dairy cows and harvesting at lower levels risks nitrate poisoning. Our results indicate the optimum DH may be between 70 and 90 cm DH, and 20 and 35 cm DI, which requires further studies. 相似文献
9.
Mondal Satyen Jamil Hasan M. Ahmed Tofayel Giashuddin Miah M. C. Sta Cruz Pompe M. Ismail Abdel 《水稻科学》2020,27(6):515-528
Rice (Oryza sativa) plants acquired excess photosynthates in the form of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) in their stems and grain. Despite keen interest in rice NSC, the dynamics of NSC accumulation, translocation and re-accumulation have not yet been well investigated. AG1 and AG2 QTLs associated with flooding tolerance through catalyzing starch into soluble sugar in germinating seeds. Here we conducted three experiments, greenhouse and field to lay the groundwork for large-scale diversity studies on grain NSC and some agronomic traits under direct-seeded rice (DSR) system, using elite lines incorporating AG1, AG2 and AG1-AG2 QTLs into the popular varieties PSB Rc82 and Ciherang-Sub1 along with the donors Kho Hlan On (AG1) and Ma-Zhan Red (AG2). In germinating seedlings, soluble sugars increased, while starch concentration decreased gradually especially in the tolerant checks and AG1-AG2 introgression lines under flooded soil. Soluble sugar accumulation in stem started to increase from the vegetative stage and peaked at the panicle initiation stage then gradually decreased towards the maturity stage. But Sub1-AG lines had higher sugar and starch concentrations at different growth stages than other genotypes in wet season 2016 and dry season 2017. Plant survival rate was positively correlated with the stem NSC at the early vegetative stage (21 days after sowing), and stem NSC was positively associated with plant height at different growth stages. Among the tested seeding rate, the most suitable seeding rate, 4 g/m2 with shallow burial depth (0.5 cm), resulted in better seedling establishment, relatively higher seedling vigor index and higher leaf area index under flooding in DSR system. Introgression of AG1-AG2 QTLs had no any negative impact on nonstructural carbohydrate, germination rate, and growth and biomass production. 相似文献
10.
水分胁迫对花生不同器官非结构性碳水化合物含量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探讨不同生育时期水分胁迫对花生不同器官非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)“库—源—流”间的变化动态,以‘花育20号’和‘花育27号’花生品种为试材,采用控制条件下的防雨棚池栽方法,研究了花生生长发育过程中不同生育时期水分胁迫下,非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)在花生叶片、茎、根和荚果等器官中的动态变化。结果表明,全生育期干旱胁迫使花生叶片、茎和根中可溶性总糖含量和淀粉均明显升高,但荚果中可溶性糖含量却明显降低。无论何生育时期受到干旱胁迫均使得叶片中可溶性糖含量峰值提前15天左右出现,“源”物质输出提前但输出量降低,叶片提前衰老。生育前期干旱胁迫使滞留在荚果中的NSC含量增加,结荚期后干旱胁迫反而利于荚果中NSC的转化。全生育期水分适宜处理叶片中NSC含量相对较低且变化较小。由此表明,干旱胁迫降低了NSC由源至库的运输和转化,使荚果“库”容量降低。 相似文献