玉米秸秆消化率全基因组关联分析

48h体外干物质消化率（48h in vitro dry matter digestibility, 48h IVDMD）是衡量青贮玉米品质的重要指标。为了初步探究玉米秸秆消化率的分子遗传机理,以341份玉米自交系为材料,于2018年在沈阳和通辽种植,收获后测定秸秆48h IVDMD。利用全基因组重测序获得的6 276 612个高质量SNPs进行全基因组关联分析,共检测到153个与玉米秸秆消化率显著相关的SNPs位点（P<1.0×10^-6）,4个SNPs显著水平在P<1.0×10^-8以上;共找到38个秸秆消化率的候选基因,主要涉及细胞生长发育、防御反应和信号转导等生物学功能。     

Evaluation of two N cycle models for the prediction of N mineralization from grassland soils in the UK

Abstract. The ability of two nitrogen cycle models, of contrasting complexity, to predict N mineralization from a range of grassland soils in the UK, was evaluated. These were NCYCLE, a simple mass balance model of the N cycle in UK grasslands, and CENTURY, a more complex model simulating long-term C, N, P & S dynamics in grassland ecosystems. The models were tested using field measurements of net N mineralization from a range of grassland soils (differing in soil type, history & management practice), obtained over a 2 year period using a soil core incubation technique. This method was considered to measure the total net release of mineral N from the soil organic matter over a specified time, including N which may have been recycled several times. NCYCLE consistently under-estimated mineralization rates at all sites. By contrast, there was some correlation between CENTURY predictions of net N mineralization and field measurements. This may have reflected the different abilities of the two models to simulate N recycling. Neither model, however, was able to predict adequately the effect of cultivation and reseeding on net N mineralization.     

环境温度和饲粮营养浓度对生长期母兔代谢能利用率的影响

选用6只9周龄新西兰母兔,评定环境温度和饲粮营养浓度对生长期母兔代谢能利用率的影响。试验在密闭式的小动物呼吸测热柜中进行。分别对处于环境温度为20±2℃和30±2℃,采食两种不同营养浓度的试兔进行测试。饲粮营养水平实测值,分别为12.22kJ ME/g和13.49kJ ME/g;粗蛋白质(CP)分别为17.3％和21.6％;中性洗涤纤维(NDF)分别为23.7％和16.5％。结果表明:环境温度影响试兔的能量平衡,它与采食量间存在着显著的相关。20±2℃时,相关系数r=0.798;30±2℃时,相关系数r=0.875。在本试验设计范围内,饲粮营养浓度并不影响代谢能食入量(ME_I),热增耗(HP)和能量平衡(EB)。当环境温度为20±2℃和30±2℃时,表观代谢能转化率(NE/ME)分别为51％和71％;每天每兔每千克代谢体重代谢能维持需要分别为396 kJ和361 kJ。试验结果认为:环境温度影响营养物质消化率(P相似文献   

不同氮源对红檬实生苗菌根依赖性的影响

将红檬实生苗培养于改良无土基质中，接种泡囊－丛枝菌根Ｇｌｏｍｕｓｃｉｔｒｏｃｏｌｕｍ，以不接种菌根为对照，并分别施用含氮量相等的３种氮肥，即硝酸按（ＮＯ３－Ｎ）、尿素（ＮＨ２－Ｎ）和硫酸铵（ＮＨ４－Ｎ）。接种菌根１６周后，施不同氮肥的红檬实生苗均有效地感染了菌根，并促进了植株的生长。试验证明，红实生苗施硝态氮（ＮＯ３－Ｎ）使植株的菌根依赖性有明显提高。     

外源复合酶对移地保护圈养马来熊日粮营养消化率的影响

利用外源复合酶对移地保护圈养的 9只马来熊日粮营养物质及能量消化率进行了测定 ,经单因子方差分析结果表明 ,在圈养马来熊日粮中添加一定量的外源复合酶 ,能提高马来熊对日粮营养物质的消化率 ,其中 ,添加 0 3%饲料量的酶能显著提高日粮粗蛋白的消化率(P <0 0 5) ;添加 0 5%的酶 ,能显著提高日粮粗纤维、粗蛋白质消化率 (P <0 0 5)。此研究结果可应用于马来熊的饲养中 ,提高其饲料报酬     

不同饲养水平下蛋白质与氨基酸在阉牛小肠内消化率的研究

选择6头体重500～600kg ,安装有瘤胃、十二指肠前端和回肠末端瘘管的阉牛 ,分3期饲喂以玉米、棉籽饼和氨化稻草为基础原料配合的3种不同饲养水平的日粮 ,测定十二指肠、回肠和粪便中的粗蛋白质和各种必需氨基酸流量 ,计算粗蛋白质、真蛋白、总必需氨基酸、总非必需氨基酸和各种必需氨基酸在小肠内的表观消化率。结果显示 :随着饲养水平的下降 ,粗蛋白质、真蛋白、总必需氨基酸、总非必需氨基酸和亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、缬氨酸、胱氨酸的小肠表观消化率逐渐降低(P<0.05)。在每种饲养水平下 ,真蛋白的小肠表观消化率均大于粗蛋白质 (P<0.05) ;各种必需氨基酸的小肠表观消化率均有差异 ,精氨酸和亮氨酸的小肠消化率通常比真蛋白高 ,色氨酸和苏氨酸的小肠消化率比真蛋白低 ,但各种必需氨基酸的小肠表观消化率并没有一致的大小顺序。与日粮相比 ,十二指肠中的必需氨基酸组成发生了较大的变化 ;与回肠流量相比 ,粪便中的必需氨基酸排泄量也发生了较大的变化。     

Nitrogen uptake by ryegrass from organic wastes applied to a sandy loam soil

Sandy‐textured Mediterranean soils are invariably depleted in organic matter and supply only small amounts of N to crops. To compensate for these deficiencies, we tested the N supply from six organic wastes applied to a Cambic Arenosol in pots growing ryegrass. The results showed that the behaviour of the wastes in supplying N to a ryegrass crop grown in this soil can be predicted by observing their performance in laboratory aerobic incubations. The N made available during these incubations fitted well to a one‐pool kinetic model.     

糖和氮对山楂组织培养新梢生根的影响

采用敞口山楂组培新梢研究糖和无机氮源对不定根形成的影响,含有高水平蔗糖的培养基比低水平蔗糖的培养基新梢生根率高。新梢对糖的这种反应与糖代谢和物理渗透都有关,用甘露醇作为渗透代替剂在低浓度蔗糖存在下无作用,当蔗糖浓度达到一定程度时(86.64mmol·1~(-1))能影响新梢的生根率。在培养基中分别加入NO_3~(-)-N或NH_4~(+)-N作为唯一氮源,或是在MS培养基中加入NO_3~-/NH_4~+比率为标准的混合氮源,在测试范围(0～120mmol·1~(-1))内均降低新梢的生根率,三者对生根的抑制作用大小顺序依次为NH_4~+>NO_3~(-)-NH_4~(+)-N>NO_3~(-)-N.NO_3~-/NH_4~+的比率影响生根。NO_3~-/NH_4~+比率与生根之间呈直线正相关。糖/氮比值高有利于生根。插穗中碳、氮的绝对量及碳/氮比率可作为山楂新梢生根的指标。     

氮素用量和密度对玉米营养体产量的影响

研究了氮素施用量和密度对玉米营养体产量的影响。结果表明，增施氮素和增加种植密度对玉米营养体产量有显著的增产效应，在密度为15万株／hm^2，施氮237kg/hm^2时，玉米营养体产量最高，为32584.7kg/hm^2，比常规种植密度9万株/hm^2增产26％。玉米营养体产量乳熟期最大，适宜收割期宜在灌浆期。营养体生产较籽实生产收获期提前了50d，利用玉米营养体收获后的生长余季（8月1日－10月20日）生产毛叶苕子营养体，二者合计生产绿色营养体3．88万kg/hm^2，粗蛋白5638．51kg/hm^2，分别是籽实生产的1．5，3．77倍。光，热，水生产效率较籽实生产提高了47．8％。     

Response of Mustard to Ethrel Spray and Basal and Foliar Application of Nitrogen

In a field trial conducted during 1992–93 and 1993–94, the effect of basal (B) nitrogen (N) (45 and 60 kg N ha⁻¹) and foliar application (F) of water (W) or 10 kg N ha⁻¹ and 400 or 600 ppm ethrel (E) (2-Chloro ethyl phosphonic acid) at 70 days after sowing was studied on leaf area index and dry mass at 90 days and pod number per plant, seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, oil content and oil vield at harvest of mustard ( Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) cv. T-59. Recommended basal (B) application of 90 kg N ha (BN₉₀) was used as control. On the basis of 2 year data it was found that basal application of 60 kg N and foliar spray of 10 kg N ha ⁻¹ and 600 ppm ethrel gave higher values for growth and yield characteristics and enhanced seed yield and oil yield by 12.5 and 14.8%, respectively over control BN_90.