生物芯片、核酸序列依赖性扩增法及荧光定量PCR在检测方面的研究进展

最近几年才兴起的生物芯片、核酸序列依赖性扩增法(NASBA)及荧光定量PCR技术同传统的实验方法相比有灵敏性高,特异性强,快速,高通量等优点,而倍受中外学者的青睐。但仍有好多初学者对这方法的知识了解甚少,本文就生物芯片、核酸序列依赖性扩增法及荧光定量PCR的定义、原理、检测中的应用和各自的优点做一简单的综述,以便相互之间的学习和进步。     

可用于转基因产品检测中的核酸体外等温扩增技术分析

随着生物技术的快速发展,越来越多的核酸体外扩增技术应用于分子生物学研究领域。根据是否依赖于温度循环,核酸体外扩增技术可分为非等温和等温扩增两大类。核酸体外等温扩增技术由于其有快速、灵敏、不需要特殊仪器等优点,逐渐显示出其广泛应用的潜力。重点介绍了现有的几种核酸体外等温扩增技术的原理、特点及应用,并特别关注这些方法在转基因产品检测中的应用。     

果树病毒核酸检测技术研究进展

病毒的核酸检测技术发展非常迅速,主要有PCR技术、分子杂交技术、dsRNA技术、NASBA技术和基因芯片技术。综述了这些技术的原理、特点及其在果树病毒检测中的应用情况。基于PCR技术的检测方法是目前果树病毒检测的主要方法,许多果树病毒的PCR检测体系已经建立。NASBA技术也已开始用于果树病毒的检测。     

NASBA技术及其在畜禽病毒检测中的应用

NASBA即核酸序列依赖扩增技术,主要用于扩增RNA,是由一对特异性的引物介导的、连续均一的、体外核酸序列等温扩增反应过程.该技术具有操作简便,特异性强,敏感性高,快速,高通量等优点,目前已经广泛应用于人类与动物的多种病毒性疾病的检测,具有良好的应用前景.在禽流感病毒、新城疫病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、口蹄疫病毒等的检测...     

Specific detection of Ralstonia solanacearum 16S rRNA sequences by AmpliDet RNA

The potential of AmpliDet RNA for specific detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in potato tuber samples and surface water was demonstrated. AmpliDet RNA is a procedure based on nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) of RNA sequences and homogeneous real time detection of NASBA amplicons with a molecular beacon. The procedure is carried out in sealed tubes, thus reducing the risks for carry-over contamination. AmpliDet RNA enabled reliable detection of specific 16S rRNA sequences of R. solanacearum in total RNA extracts from potato tuber samples in 90min at a level of 10 cells per reaction, equivalent to ca. 10⁴cellsml^–1 of sample. In surface water, AmpliDet RNA allowed detection of R. solanacearum at a level of 10cfuml^–1, after concentrating bacteria from 200ml of surface water into 1ml of surface water by centrifugation.All strains of R. solanacearum and a strain of R. syzygii were positive in AmpliDet RNA, but not other (related) bacterial species. Ralstonia solanacearum (race 3, biovar 2) could be detected reliably in 18 naturally infected potato tuber samples containing varying concentrations of cells. Ninety-one negative tuber samples, from which no R. solanacearum was isolated, were tested in AmpliDet RNA, including 23 samples containing bacteria (cross-) reacting with antibodies against R. solanacearum in immunofluorescence (IF) cell-staining. Only one negative sample, containing high numbers of IF-positive cells, was positive in AmpliDet RNA.     

禽流感基因诊断技术研究进展

禽流感是由流感病毒引起的一种人和动物的高度传染性疾病,不但造成养禽业的巨大经济损失,还对人类公共卫生安全存在威胁。因此,快速、准确的基因诊断技术对于禽流感的防控显得非常重要。近年来,主要有RT—PCR技术、荧光定量RT—PCR技术、核酸依赖扩增技术（NASBA）以及基因芯片等基因诊断技术。文章就这些方法的基本原理、检测优点以及应用现状进行综述,以期为有效控制禽流感的发生与流行提供有力技术支撑。     

番茄斑萎病毒NASBA检测方法的建立

为建立一种快速检测番茄斑萎病毒(Tomato spotted wilt virus,TSWV)的方法,以TSWV-CP1/TSWV-CP2为引物对TSWV的N基因进行PCR扩增及序列测定,在TSWV N基因的高度保守区设计特异性扩增引物NA-P1/NA-P2进行核酸序列依赖性扩增(NASBA)反应,并对NASBA方法的特异性和灵敏度进行验证。结果表明,建立的NASBA方法最佳反应时间为1.5 h。该方法特异性较好,只有TSWV阳性样品中出现了预期大小为235 bp的扩增产物,与烟草环斑病毒(Tobacco ring spot virus,TRSV)、番茄黑环病毒(Tomato black ring virus,TBRV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)、番茄花叶病毒(Tomato mosaic virus,ToMV)、番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow curl virus,ToYCLV)无交叉反应。灵敏度验证中,实时荧光RT-PCR的灵敏度最高,为1.56×10~(-5)ng/μL感病植物RNA模板,NASBA次之,为1.56×10~(-4)ng/μL,普通RT-PCR最低,为1.56×10~(-3)ng/μL。在对9份实际样品检测中,NASBA的阳性检出率与实时荧光RT-PCR、普通RT-PCR相同,均为33%,高于ELISA检测的22%。表明NASBA方法适用于实际样品检测,可对TSWV进行快速检测。     

果树病毒核酸检测技术研究进展

病毒的核酸检测技术发展非常迅速,主要有PCR技术、分子杂交技术、dsRNA技术、NASBA技术和基因芯片技术。综述了这些技术的原理、特点及其在果树病毒检测中的应用情况。基于PCR技术的检测方法是目前果树病毒检测的主要方法,许多果树病毒的PCR检测体系已经建立。NASBA技术也已开始用于果树病毒的检测。     

Plant pathogen diagnostics: present status and future developments

Summary A critical overview of the methods currently in use in potato pathogen diagnostics, and of the methods currently under development, with special reference to work carried out at the Scottish Agricultural Science Agency (SASA) in support of the Scottish Seed Potato Classification Scheme (SPCS), is the main focus of this paper. Speculations are also made as to future trends.