半番鸭及其亲本生长发育模型的比较研究

[目的]分析半番鸭不同组合及其亲本的生长性状及发育曲线。[方法]以樱桃谷鸭、金定鸭、苏牧麻鸭和白羽番鸭为亲本,杂交组配成3个杂交半番鸭,采用3种不同生长曲线模型对7个群体体重进行拟合,比较半番鸭及其亲本的生长性能。[结果]10周龄鸭体重比较表明,4个亲本鸭体重大小依次是樱桃谷鸭〉白羽番鸭〉苏牧麻鸭〉金定鸭,3个半番鸭“番金”、“番樱”和“番苏”鸭10周龄体重分别有30．33％、12．8％和22．04％的杂种优势率。3种模型中以Gompertz模型的拟合效果最佳,其拟合参数比较表明,半番鸭的极限体重、拐点体重、最大周增重和拐点时间均较亲本有大幅提高,“番樱”鸭、“番苏”鸭绝对生长速度也有明显的杂种优势。[结论]该研究为开展肉鸭的杂交育种工作提供理论数据。     

The influence of forest cover on mule deer habitat selection, diet, and nutrition during winter in a deep-snow ecosystem

Recent research in western North America suggests that open forage areas are a greater limiting factor to mule deer abundance than closed conifer forests. However, much of this work was conducted in ecosystems prone to fire and low snow depths compared to the limits of mule deer range such as the Columbia Mountains, British Columbia, where snow is deep and fires are rare. We used snow track surveys as a measure of habitat use and fecal nitrogen as an index of dietary quality to compare the relative value to mule deer of open deciduous canopies to closed coniferous canopies in a wet ecosystem with deep snow and few fires. Deciduous canopies contain higher levels of understory forage compared to dense coniferous canopies, which are better at intercepting snow. We also evaluated food habits across landscapes with contrasting forest canopies. Results corroborated previous work in that foraging areas such as deciduous stands were strongly selected by deer, despite deeper snow relative to closed coniferous stands. Deer consumed fewer understory shrubs in coniferous-dominated stands, suggesting lower nutritional intake in these stands. Finally, deer appeared to derive a nutritional benefit in landscapes that had a higher proportion of open deciduous canopies, as indexed by fecal nitrogen. However, not all open canopy stands were of equal value to deer – deciduous-dominated stands were selected, whereas clearcuts were avoided. Similarly, not all closed coniferous stands were equally selected: cedar–hemlock stands were avoided whereas Douglas-fir stands were selected and indeed contained the highest proportion of deer tracks. We suggest that winter foraging areas have been underrepresented in management policy in British Columbia, but that snow-interception cover provided by coniferous stands still plays a role in winter deer ecology in deep-snow ecosystems.     

骡鸭育雏期营养需要与饲料配制问题研究

该文通过对0～3周龄骡鸭营养物质需要水平与日常管理注意事项进行了综述,为科学合理设计育雏期骡鸭饲料日粮,降低饲养管理成本,提高骡鸭养殖经济效益提供科学依据。     

半番鸭羽色性状AFLP标记初步研究

本研究初步利用AFLP标记对半番鸭及其母本-北京鸭进行检测。结果显示,AFLP标记扩增带丰富,10对引物组合共检测到2046条扩增带,平均每对引物组合/每个池DNA可产生60.15条。半番鸭白羽性状特有的扩增带共有15条,分布在E AAC/M CTA、E AAC/M CTT、E AAG/M CAG、E ACA/M CTC、E ACT/M CTA和E ACT/M CTC等6对引物组合上,为半番鸭个体羽色与AFLP标记相关分析和验证提供了素材。     

Laparoscopic Ovariectomy in Standing Mule Mares

Mules are hybrids bred from the mating of a jack donkey and a horse mare, known for their strength and resistance and still used to work in agriculture. Although they have been for long considered sterile, evidence of estrus cycle has been demonstrated together with abnormal behavior related to ovarian activity. In this study, a bilateral standing laparoscopic ovariectomy technique using the LigaSure technology was applied in 10 mare mules for treating unwanted behavioral patterns. The technique was effectively performed on these animals avoiding the risk of general anesthesia, and the use of the LigaSure technology allowed good hemostasis and reduced surgical time. Owners declared to be satisfied with the resolution of the behavior.