Deep Freezing of Boar Semen Packaged in Plastic Bags and Straws

For practical reasons, a large volume (i.e. 5 ml) of frozen boar semen per insemination dose is desirable, but successful freezing has not been achieved, since optimal cooling rates have not yet been established. Post-thaw motility and the acrosome intep'ty of semen from four boars frozen with a programmable freezin machine, in mini-(0.25 ml), maxi-(5 ml) plastic straws and in 10 × 5 cm PVC- or Teflon FEP-plastic bags (0.35 – 0.12 mm thick, 5 ml) was studied. The freezing of the semen was monitored using thermocouples placed in the straws and the bags. The freezing curve started from +5°C, at a rate of −3°C/min, to – 6°C, it was held for 1 min at −6°C, and was followed by further drop to −100°C at a rate of −20°C/min, with subsequent storage in LN₂. The bags had a much shorter freezing point plnteau, compared to the maxi-straws. Post-thaw sperm motility was significantly higher when semen was frozen in mini-straws or in bags than in maxi-straws. The freezing procedure did not cause major acrosomal damages, significantly more normal apical ridges being present in the bags and mini-straws than in the maxi-straws. This in vitro evaluation indicates that the freezing method employed is satisfactory for freezing large volumes of boar semen into plastic bags .     

泰山月观峰和索道站冲沟生态治理探讨

为保护自然生态，对泰山月观峰和索道站冲沟采取了生态治理措施，取得了良好的效果，恢复了泰山自然景现，达到了保护生态环境的目的。     

后备公猪的科学选育与利用

后备公猪的科学选育及利用直接影响猪场制种效果和经济效益,同时也能体现规模化猪场的制种技术与水平。文章针对后备公猪选育的基本环节和操作要点,从如何选种选育、科学饲养管理、合理配种利用等方面进行系统阐述,为规模化猪场后备公猪生产提供技术指导和参考依据。     

舟山长白岛民俗文化探析

以长白岛为例,通过对长白岛民俗文化的现状分析,发现其存在的问题,由此提出保护和发展长白岛民俗文化的建议和措施,希望对长白岛的文化、经济、旅游业发展具有一定的借鉴意义.     

Pseudorabies virus infection in hunting dogs in Oita,Japan: Report from a prefecture free from Aujeszky’s disease in domestic pigs

We isolated two pseudorabies virus (PRV) isolates (designated OT-1 and OT-2) from two hunting dogs exhibiting neurological manifestations after eating the flesh of wild boar hunted in Oita prefecture, Kyushu Island, Japan. The isolates corresponded to a previously reported PRV (MY-1 strain) isolated from a hunting dog in neighboring Miyazaki prefecture, and it clustered into genotype II based on the glycoprotein C sequence. Our results suggest that this common PRV strain may have been maintained in wild boars on Kyushu Island even though domestic pigs in this area have attained an Aujeszky’s disease-free status.     

New technique of sex preselection for increasing female ratio in boar sperm model

In this study, we tried to optimize the porcine semen extender conditions to maximize the differences between live X chromosome-bearing (X) spermatozoa and to Y chromosome-bearing (Y) spermatozoa without a decline in the fertility rate at different pH conditions during storage. We observed the viability of X and Y boar spermatozoa in acidic (pH 6.2), original (pH 7.2), and alkaline condition (pH 8.2) for 5 days to investigate the effect of storage conditions on the X to Y spermatozoa ratio. The functional parameters of spermatozoa were also examined to evaluate sperm quality. Sperm motility was preserved at pH 7.2 and pH 6.2 for 3 days, while sperm motility at pH 8.2 decreased significantly after 2 days. Non-capacitated spermatozoa increased while capacitated spermatozoa decreased during storage. Sperm viability decreased significantly duration-dependent under all pH conditions, but there was no significant difference during storage at pH 6.2 and 7.2. The X: Y ratio of live spermatozoa in acidic condition was maximized (1.2:1) without affecting the sperm function and fertility-related protein expression after 2 days compared to original conditions. Moreover, insemination of sows using acidic extender increased the number of female pups on days 1 and 2 of preservation. These results indicate that the production of female offspring may increase when acidic BTS is used for 2 days without affecting the success rate of AI. Above all, this method is simple and economical compared to other methods.     

太行山前平原区小麦玉米农艺节水技术集成模式综合评价

太行山前平原区小麦玉米农艺节水是解决当地水资源危机和地下水严重超采的重要途径。在前期以华北山前平原高产区作为重点研究区形成的种植节水品种、秸秆覆盖、调亏灌溉、生育期优化及株行距优化等小麦玉米农艺节水技术的基础上, 集成了常规模式(底墒水+拔节水+开花水)、综合节水模式(拔节水+开花水)、模式A(拔节水)和模式B(底墒水)等4 种小麦玉米农艺节水模式。本研究利用熵权综合评价法对4 种节水模式从生产效益、社会经济效益和生态效益方面进行技术经济评价。结果表明: 小麦玉米4 种节水模式的得分排序为综合节水模式＞模式A＞模式B＞对照(常规模式), 因此小麦玉米综合节水模式综合效益最优。从4种节水模式的投入产出看, 综合节水模式肥料投入最低, 投入产出比、纯收益、水分利用效率和水分经济利用效率最高。小麦玉米节水是未来发展的方向, 应该进一步提高农户农业节水意识, 利用多种手段, 促进农户采用小麦玉米节水技术优化模式。     

北京市繁殖猪舍高温环境控制状况

高温是影响猪繁殖性能的重要环境因素。为了缓解北京市繁殖猪的热应激,于2009年对北京市猪舍的建筑类型、降温方式进行了调查,对常见猪舍外墙类型的隔热指标进行了计算评价,并对繁殖猪舍内温度进行了测试,结果表明：北京市猪舍建筑类型调查样本中,有窗封闭式、半开放式和温室大棚式猪舍的比例分别为74.0%、23.7%和2.3%;繁殖猪舍的降温方式中,通风降温和以水为媒介的降温方式各占50%左右;在现有猪舍外墙构造类型中,外贴聚苯板内砌砖的复合墙体的隔热性能最好。北京市夏季繁殖猪舍内温度与舍外变化趋势基本一致,多数时间内舍内温度高于舍外。最后,提出北京市目前繁殖猪舍的高温环境调控建议。     

托木尔峰自然保护区台兰河上游不同植被类型的水源涵养功能

为了研究托木尔峰自然保护区生态系统的水源涵养功能,选择台兰河上游为研究区域,采用野外观察与室内试验相结合的方法,分别对该区域具有代表性的雪岭云杉林、灌木林、草地植被,从林冠层、枯枝落叶层和土壤层3个层次及综合性的水源涵养能力进行了定量分析。结果表明:研究区云杉林林冠截留能力优于灌木林,穿透降雨量及林冠截留量平均值均大于灌木林。除草地外,各样地枯枝落叶未分解层平均厚度均大于半分解层,云杉林枯枝落叶层的厚度和蓄积量明显大于灌木林,不同植被类型枯枝落叶半分解层的自然持水率、最大持水率均高于未分解层,云杉林枯枝落叶层自然持水率、最大持水率均高于灌木林,灌木林和云杉林的枯枝落叶未分解层有效拦蓄量均高于半分解层。不同植被类型平均土壤容重大小表现为草地灌木林云杉林,土壤孔隙度的平均值大小则与之相反;不同植被类型的土壤自然含水率、饱和含水量及非毛管持水量均表现为云杉林灌木林草地,而不同植被类型30cm深土层的蓄水能力变化则存在差异。研究区不同植被类型的水源涵养能力在181.06~237.63mm,综合、有效水源涵养能力均表现为云杉林灌木林草地,其中土壤层的涵养贡献率最大,总有效蓄水量远小于总持水量。综上所述,台兰河上游云杉林和灌木林具有较好的涵养水源能力,放牧强度和人为干扰是影响研究区不同植被类型尤其是生境脆弱的草地植被水源涵养功能的重要因素。     

长白山区沟谷沼泽湿地乌拉苔草不同构件元素含量特征

研究了长白山区沟谷沼泽乌拉苔草不同构件元素含量及叶片不同季节积累变化及元素间的相互关系。结果表明,乌拉苔草属于抗金属污染植物,不同构件在元素积累和季节变化中有较大差异:Mn、N,P、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn主要集中在根部,K主要集中在叶鞘。不同季节积累中,N、K主要在营养成长期和生殖生长并存期5月份最多,P在成熟期的8月份最多,金属元素在衰老期的9月份最多,尤其是Fe元素富集量最多,完全可以作为铁污染区的抗性植物和净化植物,而非金属元素在衰老期的9月份最少。金属元素之间相生相互协调关系强,非金属元素之间关系相互协调,而金属元素除Mn和P、N是极显著相关外,P和Ca呈显著相关,与其他关系不显著。说明乌拉苔草各构件中的元素之间没有相互拮抗的关系。