喷施微量营养元素对沟叶结缕草草坪质量的影响

研究了亚热带赤红壤区沟叶结缕草草坪对微量元素的反应。结果表明，施B、Mo、Zn能显著提高草坪质量；施Fe、Cu的作用不明显，其临界值可能更低；Mn含量丰富，施Mn有毒害作用。     

施用不同配比N、P、K肥延长沟叶结缕草绿期的试验研究

[目的]实现沟叶结缕草在亚热带地区的四季常青。[方法]在9月26日1、0月11日1、0月26日对沟叶结缕草施用不同配比的N、P、K肥,考察其生长指标。[结果]施肥能增加沟叶结缕草植株高度,10月11日施肥效果好。9~10月施N、NP、NK、NPK肥可增加草坪绿叶数,增幅达73%~137%。施用不同配比N、P、K肥可增加枯叶生物量,早施肥处理的枯叶生物量比迟施肥处理多。随着施肥时间的推迟,各处理绿叶生物量呈减少趋势。地上部绿枯比接近1.0时施肥延长草坪绿期的效果最好。施肥处理草坪图象的G值都增大,10月11日施肥处理的最大。[结论]10月上旬是沟叶结缕草施肥的最佳时期,同时施N、P、K肥效果最好。     

有机肥对土壤理化性质及沟叶结缕草草坪质量的影响

在亚热带赤红壤区研究沟叶结缕草施用有机肥对土壤性质及草坪质量的影响。结果表明,两种有机肥均能改善土壤通透性,增大土壤持水量,施肥一年后土壤pH值降低。施蘑菇肥可增大土壤盐基饱和度,提高冬季草坪质量。施堆肥可提高土壤阳离子交换量和速效养分含量,但草坪均匀度和冬季质量下降,应减量使用。     

修剪高度对沟叶结缕草水分利用效率和耗水量的影响

[目标]研究贵州省黔西南地区,不同修剪留茬高度对沟叶结缕草的水分利用效率和耗水系数的影响。[方法]试验设3、6、9 cm和不修剪4个修剪留茬高度处理,每个处理重复3次,随机排列。每个蒸渗仪为1个试验单元,计采用12个称重式蒸渗仪。根据沟叶结缕草的长势,每月不定期修剪3次。[结果]随着修剪留茬高度由3 cm增至不修剪,沟叶结缕草的耗水量由96.33 mm增至386.60 mm,水分利用效率8月高于7和9月,留茬6 cm的水分利用效率高达0.75 kg/（hm2.mm）。[结论]对黔西南地区7~9月的沟叶结缕草的夏季修剪,留茬高度定在6 cm较为理想,既可以节水又能达到美观效果。     

沟叶结缕草草坪杂草化学防治研究

采用苯达松、2,4-D丁酯、高效盖草能(10％乳油)3种除草剂对沟叶结缕草草坪进行了杂草化学防治研究。结果表明,苯达松(25％水剂)每15 kg水可加至80 ml左右,2,4-D丁酯(72％乳油)每15 kg水可加至25 ml,高效盖草能(10％乳油)每15 kg水可加至10-15 ml,每667m2控制用水25-30 kg可取得较好效果。但高温季节除草剂容易对草坪产生药害,施用时应在杂草幼苗期进行,并降低药剂浓度,以提高对草坪的安全性。     

植物生长调节剂对天堂草及马尼拉草快速成坪影响

本文研究了CA3、BA、PP3333种植物生长调节剂对天堂草、马尼拉草两种暖地型草坪草快速成坪的影响。结果表明GA3能促进两种草坪草匍匐茎伸长;BA能促进它们分蘖,并显著促进马尼拉草匍匐茎伸长;而PP333。对两种草坪草的影响则因浓度不同、品种各异而有差异。外施PGR3后可引起草坪草内源激素变化而调节其生长速度及成坪天数。     

践踏胁迫对马尼拉草坪的影响

每天以人工和践踏器践踏马尼拉草坪,探讨不同践踏天数和践踏强度对马尼拉草坪的影响。结果表明:每天践踏5~10次,对马尼拉草坪草的影响较小,每天践踏20~30次,可使草坪草叶片长度缩短25%,干重减少35%,密度减少50%,盖度下降40%,草坪质量严重恶化;践踏15、30和60 d可使马尼拉草坪盖度分别下降10.2%、17.5%和47.3%,密度分别下降23.1%、32.4%和51.9%。每天践踏10次以下对草坪的自然恢复比较有效。每天人工践踏5~15次与践踏器每天践踏1~5个来回对草坪的影响基本一致。     

Carbohydrate Metabolism During Wintering Period in Four Zoysiagrass Genotypes

Abstract

A key barrier to widespread use of warm-season grasses in the transition zone between the temperate and subtropical climates is represented by the winter dormancy, a temporary suspension of visible growth of any plant structure including the meristem. In this environment, species with different photosynthetic carbon cycle coexist, leading to asynchrony in growth among warm- and cool-season grasses. The objectives of the present study were (i) to assess the carbohydrate content in four representative zoysiagrasses Zoysia japonica ‘El Toro’, ‘Meyer’, Z. pacifica, and Z. matrella ‘Zeon’ during three successive phases of vegetation phenology, senescence, dormancy, and green-up, and (ii) to characterize the metabolic responses to phenological variations under natural acclimation. Japanese lawn grass genotypes ‘El Toro’ and ‘Meyer’ showed longer dormancy periods than fine-leaved Z. pacifica and ‘Zeon’. In Japanese lawn grass genotypes, the progressive decline of photosynthetic pigments was similar to that observed in the color retention. Over the experimental period, a significantly greater amount of starch reserves was observed in sprigs (horizontal stems) in the Japanese lawn grasses than in the fine-leaved zoysiagrasses. In general, total soluble sugars (TSS) in leaves and sprigs did not show evidence of sugar starvation during the senescence phase. TSS increased significantly during cold acclimation, resulting in a higher metabolic activity at the onset of green-up to support spring regreening in all zoysiagrasses except ‘Meyer’ leaves.