我国猪囊虫病的研究概况

囊虫病是一种危害严重的人兽共患病，在我国的发生率较高。近年来，我国学者在该病的流行病学、诊断方法、防制措施以及免疫预防等方面都进行了深入研究，本文就该病的研究进展进行了综述。     

Impact of pig slurry on soil properties, water salinization, nitrate leaching and crop yield in a four-year experiment in Central Spain

Abstract. The repeated application of pig slurry to agricultural soils may result in an accumulation of salts and a risk of aquifer pollution due to nitrate leaching and salinization. Under Mediterranean conditions, a field experiment on a sandy loam soil (Typic Xerofluvent) was performed with maize (Zea mays) in 1998, 1999 and 2001 to study the effects of applying optimal (P1) and excessive rates (P3) of pig slurry on soil salinization, nitrate leaching and groundwater pollution. The rate of pig slurry was established considering the optimal N rate for maize in this soil (170, 162 and 176 kg N ha^?1 for 1998, 1999 and 2001, respectively). Pig slurry treatments were compared to an optimal N rate supplied as urea (U) and a control treatment without N fertilizer (P0). The composition of the slurries showed great variability between years. Mean NO₃^? leaching losses from 1998 to 2001 were 329, 215, 173 and 78 kg N ha^?1 for P3, P1, U and P0 treatments, respectively. The amount of total dissolved salts (TDS) added to the soil in slurry application between 1998 and 2001 was 2019 kg TDS ha^?1 for the P1 treatment and 6058 kg TDS ha^?1 for the P3 treatment. As a consequence, the electrical conductivity (EC) of the slurry‐treated soils was greater than that of the control soil. The EC correlated significantly with the sodium concentration of the soil solution. Over the entire experimental period, 2653, 2202 and 2110 kg Na ha^?1 entered the aquifer from the P3, P1 and P0 treatments, respectively. The P3 treatment did not significantly increase grain production in 1999 and 2001 compared with that achieved with the optimal N rate treatment (P1). This behaviour shows the importance of establishing application guidelines for pig slurry that will reduce the risk of soil and groundwater pollution.     

夏季猪舍屋顶遮阳降温效果研究

本文通过理论分析与试验研究了屋顶遮阳系统在猪舍夏季降温中的应用效果,应用红外热图像摄取及分析系统获取猪舍屋顶内表面和猪体表面的热图像,结果表明屋顶上架设铝箔遮阳网对减少太阳辐射进入猪舍进而降低猪舍环境温度和减轻猪热应激的效果显著。     

工厂化猪场不同猪群死亡率与季节的关系初探

通过对哺乳仔猪群、保育群、育成群各月死亡率的统计分析发现,冬季低温对哺乳仔猪群、保育群死亡率的影响远远大于夏季高温的影响。冬季低温对保育群的死亡率影响最大,而对育成群几乎没有影响。夏季高温对不同猪群的死亡率有不同程度的影响力。不同猪群对温度反应的快慢、强度及持续期各不相同。     

猪胚胎死亡的影响因素及其预防措施

猪胚胎死亡直接影响着母猪的产仔数，并进而影响着养猪生产的经济效益。因此，在深入研究猪胚胎死亡规律及其影响因素的基础上，通过有效的措施降低胚胎死亡率，对提高母猪窝产仔数和经济效益具有十分重要的意义。本文综述了影响猪胚胎死亡的遗传、环境、营养和疾病等因素，并对生产实践中如何通过综合预防措施降低猪胚胎死亡率进行了初步探讨。     

The effect of maternal obesity on fatty acid transporter expression and lipid metabolism in the full‐term placenta of lean breed swine

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of back‐fat thickness (BF), at mating of sows, on the maternal and newborn circulating lipids, expression of placental fatty acids (FA) transporters and lipid accumulation in placenta. Full‐term placentas were obtained by vaginal delivery from BFI (9–14 mm; n = 37), BFII (15–19 mm; n = 43) and BFIII (20–27 mm; n = 38) sows according to BF at mating, and frozen placental sections were analysed for fat accumulation. Blood samples were collected from the sows of day 105 pregnancy and from cord blood at delivery. mRNA and protein expression levels were evaluated with real‐time RT‐PCR and Western blotting. Our results demonstrated that BFII females had significantly increased litter weight and placental efficiency, decreased maternal triglyceride (TG) and non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels, decreased maternal IL‐6, TNFα and leptin levels compared to BFIII females (p < .05). BFIII sows were associated with significantly decreased newborn TG levels, increased newborn glucose, IL‐6 and TNFα levels compared to BFI or BFII sows (p < .05). BFI and BFII females had significantly decreased placental TG, NEFA and cholesterol (CHOL) contents compared to BFIII females (p < .05). Moreover, decreased CD36, FATP1, FABP4, and FABP1 mRNA and protein and FATP4 protein expression, and increased LPL activity were also observed in BFIII group compared with BFII group (p < .05). PPARγ mRNA and protein and lipogenic genes such as SREBP‐1c, ACSL1, ACCα, FAS and SCD mRNA expression were downregulated or upregulated, respectively, in the placentas of BFIII sows compared to BFI or BFII sows (p < .05). Overall, this study demonstrated that there is no advantage, in terms of litter live size, litter weight and placental FA transport and metabolism, in performing the mating of sows with BF>19 mm.     

猪附红细胞体生物学特性的研究

采取新鲜血液压片相衬观察和末梢血液涂片染色镜检法,对河南省新乡地区3000头猪附红细胞体病发病情况进行了调查;并且对体温升高、镜检附红细胞体感染强度为 病猪的血液,分别用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜进行形态观察和血液生化指标检测.结果表明:猪附红细胞体病的发病率为46.33%,死亡率为13.88%,隐性感染率为55.93%(755/1350).在光学显微镜下观察,红细胞呈现菠萝样;染色血片观察附红体在红细胞表面及边缘呈各种形式排列,可见强折光性发亮的圆形小体;扫描电子显微镜观察.附红体寄生的红细胞凹陷区,有大、小球体,有的小球体与大球体相连.血清胆红素、白蛋白、尿素氮、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶增加,血糖、血清总蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶活性下降.     

高坡猪GH基因不同基因型对其部分生产性能的影响

采用PCR-RFLP-ApaⅠ方法检测高坡猪GH基因-119~ 486 bp片段的多态性,探讨了不同基因型对其部分生产性能的影响。结果表明:产生2个等位基因A(449 bp)和B(316 133 bp),其频率分别为0.54和0.46;3种基因型:AA、AB和BB,其频率分别为0.26、0.56和0.18;除6月龄腹围和背膘厚外,其余指标值均以BB基因型最高,AA基因型的6月龄腹围和瘦肉率与BB基因型相比差异显著(P<0.05),其他指标在各基因型间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。表明,A可能是小型猪的有利等位基因,B则可能是大型猪的有利等位基因。     

浙江省国有林场改制中的弱势群体保障问题研究

国有林场改制是利益关系的调整,必须重视对弱势群体的保护。本文在对浙江省国有林场职工利益现状调查的基础上,剖析国有林场社会保障方面存在问题,并提出相关建议。     

LC-MS/MS法分析生猪异位发酵床垫料中5大类兽用抗菌药物残留及蓄积趋势

建立了生猪异位发酵床垫料中四环素类、喹诺酮类、磺胺类、酰胺醇类和大环内酯类共54种抗菌药物残留量的LC-MS/MS检测方法.经超低温冷冻粉碎后的垫料样本,费休氏-库仑滴定法测定水分,Mcllvaine-Na2 EDTA缓冲液和乙腈提取,亲水亲脂平衡固相萃取小柱净化,LC-MS/MS法测定抗菌药物残留量,最终结果以折水后...