盘锦市近50年冬季气温变化分析

利用近50年（1957-2006年）冬季盘锦大洼站的气温资料,对盘锦冬季平均最高、最低气温、平均气温及逐旬平均气温的演变进行了详细的分析。结果表明,盘锦冬季季平均气温年际变化呈上升趋势,不同年代呈现出不同的年代际变化特征;盘锦冬季平均最低气温上升是盘锦冬季气温升高的主要因子;冬季平均气温在整个研究时段中,除存在明显的4年左右的振荡周期和6—8年的周期外,还存在14—16的较长周期。并表现出不同年代的周期特征。     

1999—2018年四川省烟叶播种面积的年际动态分析

为明确四川省烟叶播种面积的年际动态规律和驱动因子,统计分析了1999—2018年四川省烟叶和烤烟的播种面积和产量;并从四川省人均GDP、第一产业增加值、税收收入等3个宏观经济指标,粮食、油料、棉花、麻类和糖料作物播种面积等5个农田土地利用指标中,筛选出了显著影响烟叶播种面积的指标体系.结果发现:(1)1999—2018...     

京郊露地菜田施肥状况与土壤有效养分年际变化调研

以北京市1996~2014年郊区露地菜田1184份调研报告和161个土壤样本数据为基础,分析了京郊露地菜田施肥种类、施肥量、养分平衡、土壤有效养分的年际变化。结果表明:与20世纪90年代相比,现阶段露地菜田施用的有机肥由以厩肥、鸭粪和牛粪为主转为以鸡粪为主,化肥投入品种单一,偏施大量元素肥,缺少中微量元素补充;与20世纪90年代相比,尽管现阶段年施肥量明显减少,年养分盈余程度明显减轻,但养分投入量仍与作物吸收规律不符,N、P、K三大元素投入比例不合理,氮磷养分盈余的现象仍存在。经评价现阶段露地菜田土壤碱解氮缺乏,速效磷含量过高,有效钾适宜。     

莱州湾渔业资源群落结构和多样性的年际变化

根据2009-2013年每年8月在莱州湾水域进行的渔业底拖网调查数据,采用生态多样性指数和多元统计分析等方法,研究了该海域的渔业资源群落结构和多样性特征的年际变化.结果显示,调查共鉴定出100种资源种类,其中鱼类56种;渔业资源种类和资源量存在明显的年际变化,2013年渔业资源种类数为2012年种类数的84.4％,仅为2009年的60.3％,平均网获质量明显下降.鱼类优势种组成存在年际更替现象,主要由经济价值高、个体大的种类向经济价值低、个体小的种类演替.各生态多样性指数均呈现下降趋势,Margalef种类丰富度指数(R)变化范围为2.67-3.95,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')变化范围为0.70-3.83,Pielou均匀度指数(J')变化范围为0.12-0.63.聚类分析(CLUSTER)和多维标度分析(MDS)分析表明,在相同的相似性水平上分组,组内平均相似性与组间相异性变大.单因子相似性分析(ANOSIM)表明,各年渔业群落结构均存在显著差异(P＜0.05).综上所述,莱州湾渔业资源逐年衰退,优势种更替明显,群落结构发生明显变化,多样性呈下降趋势.     

西藏高原地温对气温变化的响应

选取1971-2013年西藏西部、中部和东部8个气象站的浅层（5、10、20cm）地温和较深层（40、80cm）地温以及气温逐月的观测资料,采用气候倾向率法、Mann-Kendall（M-K）检验等方法,分析近43a西藏年、季平均气温,年、季平均地温,年平均地气温差的变化趋势以及地温与气温的气候突变关系,并对21世纪地温的变化趋势进行预估。结果表明：（1）各研究站点年平均浅层地温均呈显著上升趋势（P＜0.05）,其中藏西部和藏中部比藏东部增温显著;各季节几乎地温上升显著,其中冬、春季升幅显著高于夏、秋季。（2）年、季深层地温除昌都无显著变化外,其余站点几乎均呈显著上升趋势（P＜0.05）,其中狮泉河、日喀则、拉萨各季深层地温升幅显著高于同期浅层地温,而泽当和昌都各季深层地温升幅低于同期浅层地温。（3）研究地温对气温的响应发现,研究期内藏西部的狮泉河浅层年地气温差小于深层,藏中部的日喀则和拉萨浅层年地气温差20世纪90年代前大于深层,90年代后接近或小于深层;藏东部的昌都浅层年地气温差在80年代中期前小于深层,80年代中期后大于深层。各土层年平均地温与年平均气温均呈极显著正相关,不同土层年地温间也呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）。（4）西藏21世纪地温随着气温显著升高,藏西部和藏中部增温幅度整体高于藏东部。年均地温高于气温,且其升温幅度大于气温,气温升高,地温增加,预估至21世纪末,昌都、拉萨、波密地温水平将分别达到偏南的八宿、泽当和察隅现有地温水平,相当于所有站点南移近1个纬度。     

Soil Respiration Characteristics in Three Shrublands along an Elevation Gradient in a Semiarid Loess Plateau Mountain Area

Shrub is one of the major vegetation types distributed mostly in the mountainous area in China, and its vegetation carbon storage is approximately one-third of both forests and grasslands. It is essential to investigate how soil temperature (T_s) and soil water content (W_s) affect soil respiration (R_s) in this ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to understand the correlations of R_s with T_s, W_s, and other factors in the shrubs. In the current study, R_s was characterized in three shrublands (hereafter, shrub 1, shrub 2, and shrub 3, respectively) located in different elevations over a 4-year period at a biweekly interval in the eastern Loess Plateau (Shanxi province) of China. Our results showed that the trend of seasonal change of R_s was controlled mainly by T_s and W_s. The measured mean R_s over 4 years was 3.64 ± 2.83 (mean ± S.D.), 2.69 ± 2.05, and 4.41 ± 3.28 μmol carbon dioxide (CO₂) m^?2 s^?1 for shrubs 1, 2, and 3, respectively, exhibiting an increase trend with elevation increment. Over the season, R_s illustrated a significant change depending on the variation of T_s and W_s, with larger values appearing in summer when both T_s and W_s were high, and smaller values in winter or in summer whenever W_s was low. An exponential model (R_s = a e ^bTs) fitted well the relation between R_s and T_s for shrub 3, whereas linear (R_s = a W_s + b) and power (R_s = a W_s ^b) models of R_s to W_s fitted well for shrub 1. This indicated that at a lower elevation, W_s had a greater effect on R_s than that at a higher elevation. The reverse trend was true between R_s and T_s, i.e., at a higher elevation T_s had a greater effect on R_s than that at a lower elevation. The calculated Q₁₀ values of 1.61, 3.03, and 3.73 for shrubs 1, 2, and 3 increased to 2.25, 3.63, and 4.07, respectively (when the data in low W_s conditions were excluded from the analysis), showing that Q₁₀ increased with elevation increment. Furthermore, three two-variable models, one linear (R_s = a (T_s W_s) + b), and two nonlinear (R_s = a T_s ^b W_s ^c and R_s = a e^bTs W_s ^c), were also well developed to predict the dependency of R_s on both T_s and W_s. Our research results might have important implications for the estimation of soil carbon emissions of the shrublands in this region.     

我国夏季降水类型初探（英文）

[Objective] Study on the spatial distribution of summer precipitation patterns and interannual and interdecadal variability.[Method] The summer precipitation patterns were obtained from standard field of summer precipitation data for 160 observation stations in China during 1951-2000 by the utilization of empirical orthogonal function(EOF),and characteristics of interannual and interdecadal variability were analyzed.[Result] The summer precipitation mainly distributes in eastern part of China;The 1st,2nd and 3rd EOF modes of spatial distribution are especially remarkable as well consistent with the results of previous reports about three rainfall patterns from analysis on the percentages of precipitation anomaly of summer.[Conclusion] There exists interannual and interdecadal variability for summer precipitation in China.     

Assessing net ecosystem carbon exchange of U.S. terrestrial ecosystems by integrating eddy covariance flux measurements and satellite observations

More accurate projections of future carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere and associated climate change depend on improved scientific understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Despite the consensus that U.S. terrestrial ecosystems provide a carbon sink, the size, distribution, and interannual variability of this sink remain uncertain. Here we report a terrestrial carbon sink in the conterminous U.S. at 0.63 pg C yr⁻¹ with the majority of the sink in regions dominated by evergreen and deciduous forests and savannas. This estimate is based on our continuous estimates of net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) with high spatial (1 km) and temporal (8-day) resolutions derived from NEE measurements from eddy covariance flux towers and wall-to-wall satellite observations from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We find that the U.S. terrestrial ecosystems could offset a maximum of 40% of the fossil-fuel carbon emissions. Our results show that the U.S. terrestrial carbon sink varied between 0.51 and 0.70  pg C yr⁻¹ over the period 2001-2006. The dominant sources of interannual variation of the carbon sink included extreme climate events and disturbances. Droughts in 2002 and 2006 reduced the U.S. carbon sink by ∼20% relative to a normal year. Disturbances including wildfires and hurricanes reduced carbon uptake or resulted in carbon release at regional scales. Our results provide an alternative, independent, and novel constraint to the U.S. terrestrial carbon sink.     

福建闽东诸小河泥沙及其变化分析

根据50年实测水文资料,分析了闽东诸小河泥沙年内年际变化和来水、产沙的因果关系及造成水土流失的主要原因。掌握该地区泥沙变化规律,对流域水土资源开发、利用和保护有着重要意义。     

春季南海鸢乌贼栖息地时空分布及其年际差异分析

根据2014—2017年春季南海鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)渔业数据以及海表面温度(Sea surface temperature,SST)、叶绿素a浓度(Chlorophyll-a,Chl-a)和海面高度(Sea surface height,SSH)3个关键环境因子,构建栖息地指数...