天祝白牦牛细管冻精授配试验报告

[目的]为加快天祝白牦牛保种选育的进程,提高天祝白牦牛优秀种牛的利用率,[方法]利用天祝白牦牛细管冻精制作成功的前提下,开展天祝白牦牛人工授精试验.[结果]授配285头,受胎193头,受胎率为67.7%,产犊成活183头,死亡10头,成活率94.8%,[结论] 说明野外人工冻精授配技术应用于天祝白牦牛保种选育工作是可行性的.     

地中海水牛人工授精效果研究

[目的]为了解意大利地中海水牛冻精的授精效果及其在我国生长适应情况。[方法]利用国内首次引进意大利地中海水牛冻精与我国现有的摩拉、尼里——拉菲和本地水牛进行人工授精,试验选取自然发情的摩拉水牛20头,尼里水牛16头,本地水牛32头,年龄在2.5~9岁之间,采用直肠把握子宫角深部输精法,配种后40 d应用B超进行早期妊娠诊断怀孕情况。[结果]：摩拉、尼里——拉菲和本地水牛受胎率分别为50.00%、75.00%、56.25%,平均人工授精配种受胎率为58.82%,品种间人工授精受胎率差异不显著（P〉0.1）。[结论]表明引进地中海水牛冻精开展杂交组合,改良我国现有的水牛品种,提高其生产性能是切实可行的。     

哺乳牦牛同期发情/定时授精技术试验研究

本研究旨在对不同繁殖体况的母牦牛在补饲的基础上,分别从营养、隔离断奶、激素选择考察影响母牦牛繁殖率及同期发情处理效果。选用青海省环湖地区480头5～10岁繁殖体况不同的母牦牛,按照试验要求将母牦牛分成不同的试验组别,采用相同的同期发情处理方案,通过不同程度的补饲,补饲组与对照组的排卵率和妊娠率对比差异显著（P〈0.05...     

哺乳动物生精细胞显微授精研究现状与展望

对哺乳动物生精细胞进行显微授精这一新型体外授精技术的研究现状、技术方法、细胞周期及调控、基因印迹及其运用前景进行较系统全面的概述，旨在促进我国同类研究的快速发展，使该项技术早日在我国畜牧业和濒危动物保护方面发挥重大作用。     

Saving threatened native breeds by autonomous production, involvement of farmers organization, research and policy makers: The case of the Sicilo-Sarde breed in Tunisia, North Africa

The Sicilo-Sarde, the only native milking sheep in Tunisia and in North Africa has undergone a considerably population reduction from 200,000 ewes in 1995 to 25,000 ewes in the year 2000. Low sheep milk price and a shift to dairy cattle were among the reasons for this decline. The main objective of this study was to report on the impact of farmers organization, technology transfer and market on reversing the dramatic decline of this native dairy sheep breed to a promising livestock development model. Having at the grassroots a “pioneer” who chose to form the Sicilo-Sarde breed association in 2003 was a key ingredient in the process of saving this breed from disappearance. Quick steps were first taken: Selling milk through the association allowed doubling its price in one year. A new legislation benefiting dairy sheep was introduced. A trilogy principle was followed where breed owners, researchers and policy makers interacted together to find optimum solutions that fit expressed needs of breed owners. An applied multidisciplinary research program was established and tackled major constraints faced by the breed in nutrition, management, reproduction, health, breeding and product development. Encouraged by an unsatisfied market and good prices, small farmers with a few cows started shifting to dairy sheep and poor new ones managed to get loans to purchase dairy sheep breeding animals. Based on a total of 7937 lactations recorded during the period 1997–2002, average milk yield, days in milk and suckling period were 89 kg ± 47 kg, 139 d ± 47 d and 104 d ± 22 d, respectively. Given the low producing ability of the breed and the impossibility of importing proven rams for health considerations, frozen semen from 17 Sarda rams was imported from Italy and 1600 ewes from 12 flocks were inseminated by intrauterine in 2005–2006. Fertility, prolificacy, and mortality rates varied from 47% to 63%, 157% to 184% and 0 to 34%, respectively. The decline of the breed was stopped and reversed and members of the association and small farmers in the region will benefit from the produced offspring. While currently the association is accessed by more organized producers, it provides an opportunity for the integration of smaller, poorer producers to improve their livelihoods. This case has inspired another group of farmers of a native sheep meat breed to form their own association to promote their breed.     

Spawning of ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus L.): evidence in favour of internal fertilization of eggs

Sperm physiology, in vivo artificial insemination and spawning of the ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus L.), a marine bottom fish, were studied. Milt was collected from the reproductive tract of mature males by suction using a catheter. The uncontaminated milt, having a very low sperm concentration, contains highly motile spermatozoa and sperm motility was retained in vitro at 4 °C for at least 24 h in both seminal plasma and ovarian slime collected from the oviduct of pre-spawning females. Instead of activating sperm, dilution in sea water instantly immobilized the spermatozoa of ocean pout. Osmolarity and pH of ocean pout seminal plasma were in the ranges 365–406 mOsM and 7.2–7.5, respectively. A study of the ionic composition of ocean pout seminal plasma demonstrated the presence of various ions including Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Cl⁻, with a remarkably lower K⁺ concentration compared to that from other fish species. Since injections of milt containing motile sperm into the ovaries of pre-spawning females, which spawned in the absence of males, yielded fertilized ocean pout eggs, it is concluded that the ocean pout exhibits internal fertilization. The larvae hatched after 3 months of egg incubation in ambient sea water (9–10 °C). With proper timing of in vivo artificial insemination of mature females, fertilized ocean pout eggs can be obtained from fish reared in captivity.     

番鸭与樱桃谷鸭人工授精的研究

[目的]探讨半番鸭生产中的人工授精技术。[方法]选用公番鸭和樱桃谷母鸭为试验材料,采用按摩采精法和翻肛输精法进行人工授精试验,探讨输精量、输精间隔时间、输精时间以及稀释液对受精率的影响。[结果]公番鸭和樱桃谷母鸭自然交配受精率很低,平均受精率为39.58%,人工授精受精率可达74.79%。用磷酸缓冲液和Lake’s液稀释精液的受精率比较高,分别为75.24%和75.16%,与原精液组受精率(74.10%)差异不显著。精液稀释后在5℃保存24h后输精,其受精率均较低,分别为23.76%和34.33%。[结论]在半番鸭生产中,采用人工授精技术可降低精液使用量和提高受精率。     

宝鸡地区荷斯坦奶牛发情、排卵及授精效果的比较观测

对宝鸡地区荷斯坦奶牛发情周期排卵时间、授精效果进行了调查，并对其影响因素作了分析研究。研究结果：不同产犊季节对产后第一次发情时间有显著影响，青年牛与成年牛发情后排卵时间有显著差异。产后第一、二次与三次以上发情输精受胎率有显著差异；产后母牛用药物处理和不处理，授精效果差异显著。表明，在奶牛产后子宫正常情况下，在第一、二情期授精效果最好；发情周期在19－23d受胎率提高；排卵8h内输精、受胎率最高。     

梅花鹿人工授精实验报告

通过对梅花母鹿生殖道不同部位的人工授精的实验表明,在一定程度上,输精部位越深,梅花鹿１,２情期授精的怀胎率越高。自然发情下,人工授精的受胎率达５１．１％。     

华北平原一年两熟区保护性耕作技术研究进展

冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟的种植方式在华北平原区的农业生产中占有极为重要的地位,但传统耕作方式使该区的农业生产不可持续。保护性耕作是一种先进的保水保土的生产技术,对该区的农业可持续发展作用甚大。阐述了保护性耕作的定义、原理及保护性耕作的历史与发展,归纳总结了保护性耕作对播种、出苗、田间杂草、作物生长发育及作物产量等方面的影响研究。以期为华北平原一年两熟区的保护性耕作研究提供一定的参考。