应用斯氏线虫防治多纹豹蠢蛾的研究

本文通过对斯氏属9个线虫品系在不同温度下对多纹豹蠹蛾侵染力的测定,筛选出Steinernema feltiae Beijing为最佳品系;它能寄生低、中、高龄幼虫及蛹;温度在25℃时线虫的侵染力最强,可在2-4d内把害虫致死;线虫在虫道内能主动扩散到8cm处毒杀寄主。供试的其它8个线虫品系也能不同程度地致死害虫,并在死虫体内增殖。线虫的使用剂量对多纹豹蠹蛾的致死速度及效果有影响,以每害虫1000条侵染期线虫为最适剂量。4种施用方法比较表明,用带线虫的塑料海绵塞虫孔效果好,操作、携带最方便;室内对多纹豹蠹蛾幼虫的致死率达100％,林间大区防治效果达88.6-97.0％。     

化学诱变的BmNPV对家蚕细胞和虫体感染性的初步研究

前文报道化学诱变剂对家蚕核型多角体病毒 (BmNPV)多角体形态有明显的诱变作用 ,诱变的BmNPV基因组对某些限制性内切酶的酶切电泳谱发生变化。本文研究进一步表明 :诱变BmNPV感染家蚕Bm N细胞的病变特征与对照相比没有明显不同 ,但形成不定形超大多角体的空斑时间延迟2～ 3d;诱变BmNPV感染家蚕幼虫后 ,病蚕体内各组织病变损害的感染程度 (易感性 )与对照基本相同。研究结果提示 ,诱变的BmNPV对家蚕培养细胞、虫体组织的感染性无显著变化     

哈尔滨地区犬旋毛虫对猪,犬的感染性研究

用消化法所得的犬旋毛虫蚴分别接种猪，犬。结果表明：犬旋毛虫对猪、犬的感染性存在着明显差异，在犬的繁殖力指数为１８．６８。而在猪为零，说明哈尔滨地区犬旋毛虫相当于本地毛形线虫。犬旋毛虫对犬易感而对猪不感染，通信能通过猪的感染而对人体健康构成威胁。     

家蚕浓核病病毒流行病学的探讨

本文从流行病学角度,探讨了家蚕浓核病毒(DNV)的毒力、感染力、自然生存力,对几个理化因子的稳定性及病毒的扩散范围和宿主域等。证明DNV具有极强的毒力和蚕座感染力,其自然生存力的强弱,受到生存环境和病毒存在状态的影响,最适的生存场所是土壤,最适的生存条件是低温多湿,最适的生存状态是病毒存在于蚕组织内,DNV对目前常用消毒药剂的抵抗力弱;自然扩散力小;桑卷叶蛾和桑螟可能是家蚕DNV的健康带毒者。     

Influence of different processing procedures on the reproductive capacity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichinella spiralis</Emphasis> in pork meat

The aim of this work was to determine the influence of different processing procedures and preparations on the viability and infectivity of Trichinella spiralis ML. The muscles of limbs tongue and masseters of pigs experimentally infected were collected, splitted to pieces, and pooled. Five batches were used for the following processing procedures: (1) seasoning with “adobo”, commercially acquired chilli and several other spices, (2) “wet-curing” by immersion of meat pieces in 3% brine during 24 hours, (3) cold storage without any further processing or preparation, (4) freezing to -20°C and, (5) drying for 24 hours at 60°C. Samples were stored at 4°C for 15, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 or 266 days after preparation. At the last-mentioned dates, ML were recovered and used to determine the reproductive capacity by infecting naïve mice. The state of meat conservation or spoilage respectively was tested by visual and tactile examination. In samples treated by freezing or drying no motile larvae were found after artificial digestion and, following inoculation of mice with larvae recovered from these groups, no ML were founded after 40 days of infection. After the artificial digestion of the cold stored samples, the ones seasoned with “adobo” and “wet-cured”, a number of motile ML were consistently obtained. Initial reproductive capacity index was as of 80±0.5, then rates decreased to 60 – 70 between days 15 and 105 PT and dropped to 40±6.7 at day 266 for seasoned, 33±2.7 for cold-stored and 33±2.5 for cured samples. The influence of storage time (p=0.000005; factorial ANOVA) but not for processing procedure (p=0.724; factorial ANOVA) were statistically significant. The sensorial examination of the meat samples showed severe changes caused by spoilage in odour, texture and colour from day 45 of storage. Data reported from this trial proves that curing or flavoring do not inactivate the Trichinella Mexican strain, although cold storage for more than three months led to a partial decrease of the reproductive capacity. Freezing and drying seemed to be effective measures to eliminate the ML infectivity.     

各旋毛虫隔种对猪的感染性试验

用消化法所得的猪旋毛虫、犬旋毛虫、旋毛形线虫 (Trichinellaspiralis)和本地毛形线虫 (Trichinellanativa)分别感染健康猪。结果表明 :4个旋毛虫隔离种对猪的感染性存在着明显差异 ,猪旋毛虫和T .spiralis对猪易感 ,其繁殖力指数 (RCI)分别为 385 .6 8± 41.5 1和 30 0 .5 5± 12 .45 ;而犬旋毛虫和T .nativa对猪不易感 ,RCI分别是 0 .0 6 4± 0 .0 31和 0 .0 33± 0 .0 33。结果揭示黑龙江省猪旋毛虫相当于T .spiralis,犬旋毛虫相当于T .nativa ;犬旋毛虫和T .nativa很难通过猪的感染而对人体健康构成威胁。     

Infectivity of pestivirus following persistence of acute infection

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is an endemic pathogen worldwide and eradication strategies focus on the identification and removal of persistently infected (PI) animals arising after in utero infection. Despite this, acute infections with BVDV can persist for months or years after the removal of the PI source despite repeated screening for PIs and tight biosecurity measures. Recent evidence for a prolonged duration of viraemia in the testicles of bulls following acute BVDV infection suggests the possibility of a form of chronic persistence that may more closely resemble the persistence strategies of hepatitis C virus (HCV). To investigate the potential for virus transmission from infected and recovered cattle to virus naïve hosts we established an acute infection of 5 BVDV-naïve calves and monitored animals over 129 days. Infectious BVDV was detected in white blood cells between days 3 and 7 post-challenge. The animals seroconverted by day 21 post-infection and subsequently were apparently immune and free from infectious virus and viral antigen.Animals were further monitored and purified white blood cells were stimulated in vitro with phytohaemagglutinin A (PHA) during which time BVDV RNA was detected intermittently.Ninety-eight days following challenge, blood was transferred from these apparently virus-free and actively immune animals to a further group of 5 BVDV-naïve calves and transmission of infection was achieved. This indicates that BVDV-infected, recovered and immune animals have the potential to remain infectious for BVDV-naïve cohorts for longer than previously demonstrated.     

旋毛虫各隔离种对猪的感染性和低温耐受性的研究

用消化法所得的猪旋毛虫、犬旋毛虫、旋毛形线虫（Trichinella spiralis）和本地毛形线虫（Trichinella nati-va）分别感染猪和小鼠,以观察其感染性,同时在-22℃和-32℃条件下对其进行冷冻试验。结果表明:4个旋毛虫隔离种对猪的感染性存在着明显差异,猪旋毛虫和T.spiralis对猪易感,其繁殖力指数（RCI）分别为385.68±41.51和300.55±12.45;而犬旋毛虫和T.nativa对猪不易感,RCI分别是0.064±0.031和0.033±0.033。猪旋毛虫和旋毛形线虫不耐低温,在猪体内-32℃、24 h,-22℃、72 h;在小鼠体内-32℃、12 h即全部死亡。而犬旋毛虫和本地毛形线虫对低温抵抗力较强,在猪体内-32℃、72h,-22℃、192 h;在小鼠体内-32℃、48 h才失去感染性。结果揭示:黑龙江省猪旋毛虫相当于旋毛形线虫,犬旋毛虫相当于本地毛形线虫;犬旋毛虫和T.nativa很难通过猪的感染而对人体健康构成威胁。     

昆虫病原线虫对甘肃省草地蛴螬的致病力研究

为提高昆虫病原线虫在草地蛴螬(Scarabaeidae)防治中的应用,以甘肃省采样诱集的28个线虫品系为研究对象,通过实验室致病力测定研究了昆虫病原线虫对草地蛴螬的致病力.结果表明:Steinernema feltiae 0619HT和Heterorhabditis megidis 0627M 2品系对草地蛴螬有较高的致病力.S.feltiae 0619HT品系对华北大黑鳃金龟(Holotrichia oblita)致死时间较短,而H.megidis 0627M品系的累积致病力较强,室内测定昆虫病原线虫侵染草地蛴螬的适合剂量为3200 IJs·H^-1.天然草场施用S.feltiae 0619HT和H.megidis 0627M线虫2周后,大栗鳃金龟(Melolntha hippocastanica)虫口减退率分别为83.8%和79.5%.故S. feltiae 0619HT和H. megidis 0627M线虫品系对甘肃省草地蛴螬具有较高的防治效果,是一种有效的生防因子.     

白僵菌经不同基质传代后对桑天牛幼虫的侵染力比较

以诱集自土壤中的对桑天牛(Apriona germari)幼虫具有较高致病性的球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)Bb00菌株为原发菌株R0,通过反复接种桑天牛幼虫分别获得菌株R1、R2、R3和R4,并反复在普通查氏培养基上传代分别获得菌株M1、M2、M3和M4。将R0、R2、R4和M2、M4菌株感染桑天牛幼虫进行生物测定,发现在普通培养基上传代,会导致菌株致病力的降低,而通过桑天牛幼虫传代培养可以提高菌株的致病力。R4、R2、R0、M2、M4菌株的LT50分别为3.23、4.01、4.13、4.78和6.34d,LC50分别为0.686×106、1.470×106、3.050×106、7.940×106和9.580×106mL-1。表明通过菌株在桑天牛幼虫虫体上反复接种可以提高白僵菌对桑天牛幼虫的侵染力。