IgY抗体在免疫检测中的应用进展

卵黄免疫球蛋白(Immunoglobulin of yolk,IgY)是鸟类、爬行动物和两栖类动物体内的主要抗体,与哺乳动物IgG功能类似,一般从被抗原免疫的母鸡卵黄中提取。与IgG相比,IgY具有许多突出的优点,在制备针对多种抗原的多克隆抗体、免疫检测、人类和动物疾病的预防治疗等方面均得到广泛应用。对IgY在免疫检测方面的应用进展进行了综述。     

奶牛孕酮单克隆抗体的制备及其酶免疫测定方法的初步建立

[目的]制备奶牛孕酮McAb,建立孕酮酶免疫检测方法,为研制检测试剂盒奠定基础。[方法]用琥珀酰亚胺法将孕酮与钥孔血蓝蛋白(KLH)和卵清白蛋白(OVA)偶联制备完全抗原,免疫BalB/c小鼠,建立杂交瘤细胞株制备McAb,对McAb特异性、亚类、交叉反应性及相对亲和力等进行鉴定,筛选最佳McAb,建立酶免疫检测方法。[结果]获得3株杂交瘤1F6、2G6和2A11,腹水效价依次为1∶1×106、1∶1×105和1∶8×104,其中1F6为IgG2b亚型,2G6和2A11为IgM亚型,3株McAb都能和游离孕酮发生特异性反应,相对亲和力1F6>2G6>2A11,其中1F6对雌二醇的交叉反应率小于0.01%。选用1F6与酶标孕酮建立ELISA检测方法,制作标准曲线,检测范围为0.5~100.0ng/ml。[结论]该研究制备的单克隆抗体,可用于建立孕酮酶免疫检测方法,为奶牛孕酮水平的定量监测提供了较实用的方法。     

基于磁性纳米粒子的免疫分析方法在食品安全检测中的研究进展简

基于磁性纳米粒子的免疫分析方法是一种集高效与高灵敏度于一身的分析技术,经过近几十年的发展,目前已在多个领域得到应用.概述磁性纳米粒子的制备、结构及修饰等方面的研究,同时简述了基于磁性纳米粒子免疫分析方法的发展过程,并对该技术在农兽药残留、生物毒素及违禁添加物检测方面的应用进行综述.同时,根据该技术目前存在的问题,探讨基于磁性纳米粒子免疫分析方法的发展方向,预测随着该技术的进一步完善和发展,其在食品安全检测领域定能得到更好更广泛的应用.     

胶体金免疫层析法快速检测水产品中四环素类药物残留

为建立用于快速检测水产样品中四环素类药物残留含量的胶体金免疫层析检测试剂,采用免疫竞争法,将抗四环素单克隆抗体-胶体金复合物包被在胶体金结合垫上,并将人工合成的四环素抗原包被在硝酸纤维素薄膜表面作为检测线(T线),其残留药物与待测样品中四环素竞争结合胶体金标记的四环素单克隆抗体,最终能以颜色直观显示检测结果。检测水产品试样时,试剂灵敏度最低值可达100 ng/mL,仅需5~10min,与金霉素、土霉素、强力霉素等四环素族抗生素有很强的交叉反应,故可同时检测四环素族中几种主要抗生素,而与沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺等其他兽药无交叉反应。试验证明检测试剂具有较高的灵敏度及特异性,操作便捷,稳定可靠,可作为四环素残留现场监控的有效筛检手段。     

外源高赖氨酸蛋白质基因对转基因玉米种子中蛋白质和氨基酸组分的影响

分析了将高赖氨酸蛋白质基因导入玉米后,转基因玉米种子中水溶蛋白、盐溶蛋白、醇溶蛋白和碱溶蛋白组分的变化。结果表明,醇溶蛋白和盐溶蛋白总量发生了增加,水溶蛋白总量保持稳定,而碱溶蛋白量有所下降。免疫印迹结果表明,外源高赖氨酸蛋白的表达量与转基因种子中赖氨酸含量呈正相关性。推测外源高赖氨酸蛋白的表达及富含赖氨酸的水溶蛋白和盐溶蛋白组成的改变是转基因玉米种子中赖氨酸提高的主要原因;转基因玉米种子蛋白质可能是外源基因通过非直接的方式导致的结果。     

Validation of a human progesterone enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit for use on serum of cattle in Cameroon

A study aimed at validating a human progesterone enzyme immunoassay kit was carried out on cattle at Bambui, Cameroon. Progesterone ELISA Kits (EH-511) were obtained from Clinpro International. Forty-one cows were selected, of which 19 were pregnant and 22 within 14 days post partum. Blood samples were analysed and progesterone levels were deduced from a curve obtained from standard absorbance values (A ₄₅₀). Results show that 95.5% of postpartum cows had progesterone levels below 1 ng/ml, with the highest level being 0.75 ng/ml. The mean level was 0.5 ± 0.26 ng/ml. The cows in the ‘pregnant group’ had progesterone levels ranging from 3.5 to 17.5 ng/ml. This kit can be used for measuring progesterone levels in cattle. Levels of 1 ng/ml for two consecutive samples or one sample at or above 3 ng/ml are an indication of the presence of corpus luteum, while cows below 1 ng/ml will be in anoestrus.     

Interface of the environment and occurrence of Botrytis cinerea in pre-symptomatic tomato crops

Botrytis cinerea (Grey mould) is a necrotrophic fungus infecting over 230 plant species worldwide. It can cause major pre- and post-harvest diseases of many agronomic and horticultural crops. Botrytis cinerea causes annual economic losses of 10–100 billion US dollars worldwide and instability in the food supply (Jin and Wu, 2015). Grey mould losses, either at the farm gate or later in the food chain, could be reduced with improved knowledge of inoculum availability during production. In this paper, we report on the ability to monitor Botrytis spore concentration in glasshouse tomato production ahead of symptom development on plants. Using a light weight and portable air sampler (microtitre immunospore trap) it was possible to quantify inoculum availability within hours. Also, this study investigated the spatial aspect of the pathogen with an increase of B. cinerea concentration in bio-aerosols collected in the lower part of the glasshouse (0.5 m) and adjacent to the trained stems of the tomato plants. No obvious relationship was observed between B. cinerea concentration and the internal glasshouse environmental parameters of temperature and relative humidity. However the occurrence of higher outside wind speeds did increase the prevalence of B. cinerea conidia in the cropping environment of a vented glasshouse. Knowledge of inoculum availability at time periods when the environmental risk of pathogen infection is high should improve the targeted use and effectiveness of control inputs.     

免疫血清学技术在农业科学上的应用

免疫血清学技术由于其高度特异性、敏感性、适用面广、方法简单,快速、制样简便等特点,已成为生命科学进入分子水平所不可缺少的工具。本文介绍了农业科学研究中,在物种鉴定、快速诊断和检疫、生物活性物质的测定、性状标记物和次生代谢物的测定、食品和环境中残毒的检测、生物物质的定位等方面血清学技术的应用现状和前景。     

H9亚型AIV型特异性电化学发光免疫检测方法的建立

【目的】H9亚型禽流感是重要的人兽共患性传染病,该亚型病毒为H7N9亚型和H10N8亚型流感病毒提供了6个内部基因（PB2、PB1、PA、NP、M、NS）,并且一直处于动态重组过程中。因此,建立针对H9亚型禽流感的型特异性电化学发光免疫的高通量快速检测方法,加强H9亚型流感的监测,具有重要意义。【方法】用钌联吡啶标记H9亚型AIV的单克隆抗体,用MPI-E型电致化学发光分析系统评价钌标单抗标记效率;用生物素标记H9亚型AIV的多克隆抗体,HABA法检测抗体生物素化的效率;待测抗原与钌标单抗作用1 h后,将此抗原-抗体复合物与通过生物素-链霉亲和素系统固定在磁微球表面的多克隆抗体反应,最后加入反应底物三丙胺后即可在电化学分析系统进行发光检测。优化生物素化多抗和钌标单抗最佳工作浓度,确定临界值和反应谱,对所建立的方法进行敏感性、特异性和重复性试验。攻毒后3 d和5 d,采集攻毒组和空白对照组鸡只的88份咽拭子和肛拭子,分别用电化学发光免疫检测方法和鸡胚病毒分离法进行检测和比较。【结果】钌标抗H9亚型AIV单克隆抗体的标记效率为每个单抗IgG分子上结合21个Ru²⁺,且间接免疫荧光方法证明其仍具有生物活性;生物素化兔抗H9N2亚型AIV多克隆抗体的标记效率为每个IgG分子上结合了6个生物素分子,且Western blotting试验证明其仍保持生物活性;该方法的检测临界值为28.3,可疑区间为23.4-33.2;阴性和阳性变异系数均小于10%;检测限为5×10⁴EID₅₀,能够特异性地检测H9亚型AIV,不与其他亚型流感病毒（H1、H3、H4、H5和H6亚型）和其他类型的禽源病毒（NDV、IBV和IBDV）反应。3 h内即可完成检测,与鸡胚病毒分离法的符合率为86.4%。【结论】所建立的H9亚型AIV型特异性电化学发光免疫检测方法可以用于临床样品检测,对H9亚型禽流感的监测和防控具有重要意义。     

Evaluation of commercially available assays for the measurement of equine insulin

Determining circulating equine insulin concentrations is becoming increasingly important in equine clinical practice and research. Most available assays are optimized for human medicine, but there is strong equine cross-reactivity because of the highly conserved nature of insulin. To identify an accurate and reliable assay for equine insulin, 6 commercial immunoassays were evaluated for precision, accuracy, and specificity. Only 1 assay initially reached the requisite standard: Mercodia Equine Insulin Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Plasma matrix interferences were identified when the provided assay buffer was used with the Siemens Count-a-Coat Insulin radioimmunoassay (RIA) but not when charcoal-stripped equine plasma was used as the diluent. This modified RIA and the Mercodia Equine Insulin ELISA were evaluated further by directly examining accuracy by comparing their results for 18 equine plasma samples with values obtained using liquid chromatography and high-resolution/high-accuracy mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Compared with LC-MS measurements, the modified Siemens Insulin RIA rendered a moderate Lin's concordance coefficient (ρ_c) of 0.41, whereas the Mercodia Equine Insulin ELISA rendered a very poor ρ_c of 0.06. This suggests that the Siemens Insulin RIA is appropriate to use for routine evaluations when LC-MS is not available.