Effects of Taoren Honghua Jian on the hyperlipidemia without symptom

AIM: To examine the effect of traditional chinese medicine recipe, Taoren Honghua(semen persicae-flos carthami) decoction, on hyperlipidemia without symptom. METHODS: The plasma TC, TG, LDL, HDL, apolipoprotein(Apo) A, Apo Bof the patients with hyperlipidemia without symptom were measured using automatic analyzer (shimadiu CL-7200), the production of nitric oxide(NO) was detected by Greiss reaction, and SODactivity and MDAformation were examined using o-trihydroxy benzene and barbituric methotheds, respectively. RESULTS: After oral administration of Taoren Honghua decoction, the plasma levels of TC, TG, LDL, and MDAof the patients were markedly decreased, however, the plasma levels of ApoA, HDL, SODand NOwere significantly increased and almost no change was detected in the plasma level of Apo B. In control group, it was found that although the plasma level of TC, TG and LDL were decreased ( P<0.05 ) and ApoAas well as HDLwere increased, ApoB, SOD, MDA and NO production were all unchanged. CONCLUSION: The traditional chinese medicine recipe, Taoren Honghua decoction,has a significant therapeutic effect on patients with hyperlipidemia by removing blood stasis, promoting qi circulation and in turn reducing blood lipid level.     

Protective effects of multi-enzyme Ⅱ on vascular endothelial cell injury induced by hyperlipidemia serum

AIM and METHODS: The protective effects of multi-enzyme Ⅱ was studied on cultured endothelial cells which was injuried by hyperlipidemia serum. RESULTS: Hyperlipidemia serum increased ICAM-1 expression on the surface of endothelial cells, and decreased NO₂^- release significantly (P＜0.01). ICAM-1 expression could be reduced and NO₂^- release could be enhanced markedly by multi-enzyme Ⅱ (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: Multi-enzyme Ⅱ had an obvious protective effect on vascular endothelial cells which was injuried by hyperlipidemia seurm. Multi-enzyme Ⅱ could clean out oxide free radicals effectively because it had the acitive structure of both SOD and CAT.     

苏子提取物对高脂血症家兔血脂及脂质过氧化的影响

[目的]研究苏子提取物（EPS）对家兔高脂血症的防治作用。[方法]采用高脂饮食建立家兔高脂血症模型,分别测定正常对照组,高脂模型组,苏子提取物低剂量组（0.1 g/ml）、中剂量组（0.5 g/ml）、高剂量组（1.0 g/ml）血清中的TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C及肝匀浆MDA含量及SOD活性。[结果]EPS能显著降低血清中的TC、TG、LDL-C,提高血清中HDL-C的含量,降低肝匀浆MDA的含量,提高SOD的活性。[结论]EPS具有一定的调节血脂及抗脂质过氧化作用。     

Effect of NOS on podocytes in hyperlipidemia rats and the protection of simvastatin in podocyte damage

AIM: To investigate the possible effect of hyperlipidemia on golmerular podocytes,the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) availability and the synthesis of NOS in podocyte damage by hyperlipidemia,further to study the protective effect of simvastatin on podocytes.METHODS: 4 groups of Wistar rats were fed high fat diet for 18 weeks.Serum lipid,urinary protein excretion and renal pathological changes were detected.Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of desmin.The expression of nNOS was detected by Western blotting.RESULTS: The level of serum lipid was increased significantly in hyperlipidemic group and treated group after 4 weeks (P<0.01) and was decreased significantly in simvastatin treated group compared with hyperlipidemic group (P<0.01).Podocyte injury was detected under electronic microscopy in hyperlipidemic group after 4 weeks,and the injury became more serious during the lasting time.The expression of desmin was increased in hyperlipidemic group after 4 weeks,and the level was significantly decreased in treated groups (P<0.01).The urinary protein excretion was increased significantly after 6 weeks (P<0.01),and the level was significantly lower in treated groups (P<0.01).The expression of nNOS was significantly decreased in hyperlipidemic and treated groups (P<0.01),and the level significantly decreased in simvastatin group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Hyperlipidemia induces podocyte injury.The injury seems to be associated with NO deficiency and decreased renal NOS activity.The injury can be relieved by simvastatin.     

Aortic expression of HSP22, TNF-α and eNOS in rats with hyperlipidemia and effects of atorvastatin

AIM:To establish a rat hyperlipidemia model for studying the aortic expression of heat shock protein 22 (HSP22), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the effect of atorvastatin intervention. METHODS:Hyperlipidemia model was established in SD rats. Afterwards, the rats were divided into normal control group, high fat group and high fat+atorvastatin intervention group. The expression of HSP22 and TNF-α in the rat aortas was detected by immunohistochemical assay and the expression of eNOS was assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS:No detectable expression of HSP22 and TNF-α in the normal control group was observed. However, the expression of HSP22 and TNF-α was positive in the high fat group and the atorvastatin intervention group. The mean densities of HSP22 and TNF-α positive particles were significant lower in the atorvastatin intervention group as compared with high fat group (both P＜0.05). The expression of eNOS protein in the high fat group and atorvastatin intervention group was significantly lower than that in normal control group (P<0.01). However, no marked difference of eNOS protein expression between high fat group and atorvastatins intervention group was observed. CONCLUSION: The expression of HSP22 and TNF-α in the rat aortas is increased in the hyperlipidemia rat model. This effect can be restored by atorvastatin treatment. The expression of eNOS in the rat aortas is decreased in the hyperlipidemia rat model, but this tendency could not be attenuated by atorvastatin.     

玉米油降血脂作用的研究

[目的]为了研究玉米油降血脂作用,利用高脂饲料饲喂小鼠建立高脂血症模型。[方法]对高脂血症小鼠分成若干组,分别灌胃不同剂量玉米油,并设空白对照组和药物治疗对照组,30 d后观察小鼠血脂水平变化。[结果]高脂血症小鼠在灌胃玉米油30 d后,血清TC、TG、LDL-C均显著下降,HDL-C显著上升,动脉硬化指数AI1显著上升,AI2显著下降。[结论]玉米油具有调节血脂、预防动脉硬化的作用。     

甘薯糖蛋白对小鼠血脂水平的影响

为了研究甘薯糖蛋白对小鼠血脂水平的影响。先用含8.0%猪油的高脂鼠料诱导小鼠成为高脂血,再将其平均分为四组,一组用普通鼠料饲养作为对照,其他三组分别用含0.5%、1.0%及1.5%甘薯糖蛋白的鼠料饲养,在第15天和第30天对每只小鼠采血,用全自动生化分析仪测定其中的甘油三酯及血清胆固醇的浓度。结果发现用含1.0%甘薯糖蛋白的鼠料饲养15d就能明显降低高脂血模型小鼠血液中的血清总胆固醇水平,继续饲养30d能显著降低其中的甘油三酯水平;如果用含1.5%甘薯糖蛋白的鼠料饲喂,则只需15d就能同时降低两者的水平。因此甘薯糖蛋白具有显著降低高脂血模型小鼠血脂的作用。     

浒苔多糖降血脂活性的研究

用热水浸提法提取浒苔多糖(EP),以不同剂量的EP对高脂喂养小鼠灌胃4周,考察其血脂相关指标。结果显示:EP能有效地降低高血脂症小鼠血清中总胆固醇(TCHO)、甘油三酯(TG)的含量,提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的含量,但对低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量的降低作用不显著。     

Effect of nitric oxide on adiponectin-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation in hyperlipidemia rats

AIM: To investigate the mechanism that adiponectin inhibits platelet aggregation via nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway. METHODS: Adult rats were fed with normal or high-fat diet for 14 weeks. Their platelets were immediately isolated and treated with or without recombinant full-length adiponectin (rAPN). The platelet aggregation, NO and superoxide production, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/inducible NOS (iNOS) expression, and antioxidant capacity were determined. RESULTS: Treatment with rAPN inhibited platelet aggregation induced by hyperlipidemia (P<0.05). Interestingly, total NO, a crucial molecule depressing platelet aggregate and thrombus formation, was significantly reduced, rather than increased in rAPN-treated platelets. Treatment with rAPN significantly decreased superoxide production by 62% (P<0.05) and increased antioxidant capacity by 38% (P<0.05) in hyperlipidemic platelets. Importantly, hyperlipidemia-induced reduction of eNOS phosphorylation and increase in iNOS expression were markedly reversed by rAPN treatment (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: Adiponectin is an adipokine that inhibits platelet aggregation by enhancing eNOS activation and attenuating oxidative/nitrative stress including blockage of iNOS expression and superoxide production.     

The use of the rapid osmotic fragility test as an additional test to diagnose canine immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia

Background

Diagnosing canine immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) is often challenging because all currently available tests have their limitations. Dogs with IMHA often have an increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility (OF), a characteristic that is sometimes used in the diagnosis of IMHA. Since the classic osmotic fragility test (COFT) is time-consuming and requires specialized equipment, an easy and less labour-intensive rapid osmotic fragility test (ROFT) has been used in some countries, but its diagnostic value has not yet been investigated.This study aimed to evaluate erythrocyte osmotic fragility in dogs with and without IMHA, to compare results of the classic (COFT) and rapid (ROFT) test and to assess the value of the ROFT as diagnostic test for canine IMHA.Nineteen dogs with IMHA (group 1a), 21 anaemic dogs without IMHA (group 1b), 8 dogs with microcytosis (group 2), 13 hyperlipemic dogs (group 3), 10 dogs with lymphoma (group 4), 8 dogs with an infection (group 5) and 13 healthy dogs (group 6) were included.In all dogs, blood smear examination, in-saline auto-agglutination test, Coombs’ test, COFT and ROFT were performed. In the COFT, OF5, OF50 and OF90 were defined as the NaCl concentrations at which respectively 5, 50 and 90% of erythrocytes were haemolysed.

Results

Compared with healthy dogs, OF5 and OF50 were significantly higher in group 1a (P < 0.001) and OF5 was significantly higher in group 3 (P = 0.0266). The ROFT was positive in 17 dogs with IMHA, 10 hyperlipemic dogs, one anaemic dog without IMHA and one healthy dog.

Conclusions

Osmotic fragility was increased in the majority of dogs with IMHA and in dogs with hyperlipidemia, but not in dogs with microcytosis, lymphoma or an infection. Although more detailed information was obtained about the osmotic fragility by using the COFT, the COFT and ROFT gave similar results. The ROFT does not require specialized equipment, is rapid and easy to perform and can be used easily in daily practice. Although, the ROFT cannot replace other diagnostic tests, it may be a valuable additional tool to diagnose canine IMHA.