Seasonal and photoperiodic regulation of secretion of hormones associated with reproduction in Magang goose ganders

This study examined the reproductive endocrine profile under natural and artificial photoperiods in Magang goose ganders. Group 1 ganders (n=8) served as non-treated controls and were exposed to natural photoperiod throughout the experiment from 13th January to 17th December 2004. Group 2 ganders (n=8) were exposed to 18 h long daily photoperiod for 60 days from 13 January till 15 March 2004 and again to 16 h photoperiod for 75 days till 10th October 2004, and the 11h short photoperiod in the remainder periods of the experiment. In control ganders, plasma LH concentrations were high in normal breeding seasons (August-March) and decreased to low levels in non-breeding season from April to July. Testosterone concentrations changed similarly to that of LH throughout the seasons. Seasonal pattern of PRL concentrations was opposite to those of LH and testosterone, with low values in breeding season and high values in non-breeding season. In artificial photoperiod treated ganders, increasing photoperiod increased PRL and decreased LH and testosterone concentrations, while decreasing photoperiod reversed these changes. There were no seasonal or photoperiod caused changes in plasma T3 concentrations in both control ganders and artificial photoperiod treated ganders. These results demonstrated that in Magang goose ganders that long photoperiod stimulates PRL secretion and decreases LH secretion, which terminates reproductive season in spring and early summer, and short photoperiod stimulates LH secretion and inhibits PRL secretion rendering ganders enter into reproductive season.     

外源ABA和6-BA对不同持绿型小麦旗叶衰老的影响及其生理机制

为深入认识植物激素在小麦抗氧化和调控衰老中的作用机制,以持绿品种汶农6号和非持绿品种济麦20为材料,在盛花期后喷施脱落酸(ABA)和6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA),考察外源激素对旗叶衰老过程中生理生化指标动态变化以及籽粒产量的影响,并探讨了激素与衰老的关系。结果表明,汶农6号旗叶的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性、叶绿素含量及籽粒千粒重和产量均大于济麦20,且丙二醛(MDA)含量低于济麦20,表明持绿型品种抗氧化能力强,衰老进程较慢,进而获得较高产量。外源ABA和6-BA处理显著提高花后7~28 d旗叶叶绿素含量,提高花后21~35 d可溶性蛋白含量,显著降低花后28~35 d旗叶MDA含量。外源ABA降低两品种旗叶玉米素(ZR)含量,但提高生长素(IAA)和赤霉素(GA)含量,降低了其在花后28~35 d的ABA含量。6-BA处理提高旗叶ZR含量及花后7~14 d IAA含量,降低济麦20花后21~35 d旗叶ABA含量。外源ABA显著提高汶农6号花后7~21 d旗叶SOD活性,喷施ABA对汶农6号旗叶POD和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性影响没有显著性影响,但显著提高了济麦20花后7~28 d POD活性,喷施6-BA提高了两品种7~28 d SOD、POD和CAT活性。总之,ABA和6-BA处理改变了旗叶内源激素水平,提高抗氧化酶活性,降低MDA含量,延缓旗叶衰老,从而提高了籽粒产量。     

三个葡萄品种叶片中激素变化与抗寒性关系的研究

以贝达（抗寒性较强）、赤霞珠（抗寒性中）和梅鹿辄（抗寒性较弱）3个葡萄品种的1 a生枝条为材料,测定不同低温胁迫（-15、5℃）下叶片中4种内源激素ABA、IAA、GA、iPA含量及比值的变化。结果表明：低温条件下,3个葡萄品种叶片中ABA呈现先升高后降低的趋势,而IAA、GA、iPA则显示出先降低后有所升高的变化;ABA与IAA、GA、iPA的比值总体表现出先升高后降低的趋势,并且其变化数值与温度呈负相关。抗寒性强的品种贝达叶片中ABA/GA、ABA/IAA均大于抗寒性差的品种梅鹿辄,其中ABA/GA和ABA/IAA的变化与抗寒性关系最为密切。据此推断,ABA/GA和ABA/IAA可以作为判断葡萄品种抗寒性的指标。     

冷适应对大鼠仔鼠和雏鸡某些内分泌腺和激素水平的影响

以20只健康Wistar大鼠仔鼠和30只罗曼雏鸡为试验对象，研究冷适应对大鼠仔鼠和雏鸡某些内分泌腺和激素水平的影响。冷适应组大鼠肾上腺皮质束状带宽度和肾上腺皮质束状带的细胞数目极显著和显著（P＜0、05）地高于常温对照组，60日龄仔鼠在冷暴露72小时后，冷适应组T3和皮质醇明显升高，T3比常温组提高19．％，皮质醇比常温组提高37．17％而GH、T4及Ins变化不明显。冷适应组雏鸡肾上腺肾间组织面积和肾间组织细胞数分别比常温组提高26．05％和3．25％，垂体嗜酸性细胞和嗜碱性细胞数目分别比常温组提高12．98％和8．59％。雏鸡在35日龄试验结束时，冷适应组T3，T4和胰岛素分别较常温组抵63．85％、44．22％31．85（P＜0．05），而皮质醇比常温组提高90．37％。     

水稻育苗移栽旱种方式对米质的影响及其与籽粒激素浓度的关系

 【目的】探讨育苗移栽水稻在不同旱种方式下米质形成的特点及其与籽粒激素浓度的关系。【方法】试验以镇稻88（粳稻）和扬稻6号（籼稻）为材料,进行无覆盖旱种（裸种,BN）、地膜覆盖旱种（PM）和麦秸秆覆盖旱种（SM）处理,以常规水种（TF）为对照。【结果】与TF相比,BN和PM显著降低了产量,SM的产量与TF无显著差异。SM显著降低了垩白米率、垩白度和消减值,显著增加了胶稠度、碱消值和崩解值。BN和PM对上述稻米品质的影响与SM的相反。稻米直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量在各处理间无显著差异。两品种表现一致。结实期籽粒吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）、赤霉酸（GA1＋GA4）、玉米素（Z）＋玉米素核苷（ZR）浓度在灌浆早期处理间差异很小,在灌浆中、后期则表现为SM＞TF＞PM＞BN,乙烯释放速率则表现为BN＞PM＞TF＞SM。籽粒脱落酸（ABA）浓度在SM、PM和TF之间无显著差异。在各处理中,BN籽粒ABA浓度在灌浆前期最低,灌浆中后期则最高。灌浆中后期籽粒IAA和GA1＋GA4、灌浆前中期籽粒ABA及灌浆各期籽粒Z＋ZR浓度与粒重、出糙率、精米率和崩解值呈显著或极显著正相关（r=0.71*～0.96**）,与消减值呈显著或极显著负相关(r=-0.76*～-0.91**)。灌浆后期籽粒IAA和Z＋ZR浓度与垩白粒率和垩白度呈显著或极显著负相关（r=-073*～-0.85**）。灌浆各期籽粒乙烯释放速率与粒重、出糙率、精米率、碱消值和崩解值呈显著或极显著负相关（r=-0.71*～-0.91**）,与垩白粒率、垩白度和消减值呈显著或极显著正相关（r=0.73*～0.93**）。【结论】覆草旱种可以改善稻米品质,裸地旱种和覆膜旱种则使品质变差;促进型激素浓度的降低和乙烯产生的增加是裸地旱种和覆膜旱种稻米加工品质和外观品质较差的重要原因。     

Influence of dietary lysine level on whole-body protein turnover, plasma IGF-I, GH and insulin concentration in growing pigs

Four growing pigs (initial liveweight 25.9 ± 0.54 kg, final liveweight 43.0 ± 1.06 kg) were used to study the effect of dietary lysine level on nutrient digestibility, whole-body protein turnover, plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH), insulin, glucose, and urea nitrogen (PUN). Four diets, containing 7.0 g (L1), 9.5 g (L2), 12.0 g (L3) and 14.5 g (L4) lysine per kg diet respectively, were formulated as experimental treatments. The animals and diets were allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Nitrogen (N) metabolism and whole-body protein turnover were measured by classical method and single-dose ¹⁵N end-product method, respectively. The blood samples were taken at the end of each experimental period. Results showed that N retention (NR) and N biological value (NBV) were significantly increased from L1 to L4 (P < 0.05). However, differences in NR and NBV between L2, L3 and L4 were not significant (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference on dry matter (DM) digestibility, organic matter (OM) digestibility and N digestibility between different treatments (P > 0.05). Whole-body protein synthesis, protein degradation and protein accretion increased markedly from L1 to L2 (P < 0.05), but did not increase further from L2 to L4. Whole-body protein accretion (y, g/kg W^0.75/d) increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = − 0.09x² + 2.12x − 5.14 (r² = 0.96, n = 4, P < 0.05).The results also showed that differences in plasma IGF-I, GH, glucose and PUN concentration between different treatments were not significant (P > 0.05). Plasma insulin concentration (y, μIU/ml) was increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = 0.23x² − 4.10x + 32.25 (r² = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05), but it was not found that plasma insulin concentration was related to NR. A significant correlation was found between NR (y, g/d) and plasma IGF-I (x, ng/ml): y = − 3.1 × 10^− 3x² + 1.31x − 122.28 (r² = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05).It was concluded that dietary lysine level had a significant influence on NR and whole-body protein turnover but not on plasma IGF-I and GH concentration. Plasma IGF-I may be an important factor controlling N metabolism of growing pigs. Further research was needed to study the mechanism.     

菌根真菌与植物激素相互作用研究进展

菌根真菌生长及其与植物共生过程中可直接合成或诱导植物产生多种激素类物质,如生长素(auxin)、细胞分裂素(CTK)、赤霉素(GA)、乙烯(ET)、脱落酸(ABA)、水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸(JA)等,这些物质除了调节植物自身生长发育、控制植物形态建成和生理代谢外,还能在菌根真菌与植物相互识别、菌根形成、诱导植物抗逆性等方面发挥作用。本文总结了菌根真菌对植物激素种类、形态和含量的影响,以及植物激素对菌根真菌生长发育、侵染、产孢和功能的影响。旨在为进一步研究菌根真菌与植物激素相互作用关系、探索菌根真菌生理代谢特点提供依据。     

东革阿里组织培养初报

通过对东革阿里不同生长时期的枝条进行离体培养,结果表明:老化的枝条较难进行消毒,当年萌发的新枝条消毒相对易些;能诱导出东革阿里愈伤组织的培养基是MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.01mg/L+3%蔗糖。     

Mammary stem cells： expansion and animal productivity

Identification and characterization of mammary stem cells and progenitor cells from dairy animals is important in the understanding of mammogenesis, tissue turnover, lactation persistency and regenerative therapy. It has been realized by many investigators that altered lactation, long dry periods （non-milking period between two consecutive lactation cycles）, abrupt cessation of lactation （common in water buffaloes） and disease conditions like mastitis, greatly reduce milk yield thus render huge financial losses within the dairy sector. Cellular manipulation of specialized cell types within the mammary gland, called mammary stem cells （MaSCs）/progenitor cells, might provide potential solutions to these problems and may improve milk production. In addition, MaSCs/progenitor cells could be used in regenerative therapy against tissue damage caused by mastitis. This review discusses methods of MaSC/progenitor cell manipulation and their mechanisms in bovine and caprine animals. Author believes that intervention of MaSCs/progenitor cells could lessen the huge financial losses to the dairy industry globally.     

饲料中添加激素类等药剂促进僵鳗生长及复壮的研究

在工厂化、高密度、全人工控制的养鳗条件下,使用雌二醇、牛肝糜维生素、甲基睾丸素、强的松等药剂,可以显著地促进僵鳗的生长和复壮,在生产中可以取得较好的经济效益。同时,本试验对于露天止水式和水库网箱养鳗也有普遍的意义。