Study on the relationship between melatonin and hepatic encephalopathy

AIM:To explore the relationship between change of serum melatonin (MT) and pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). METHODS: Changes of MT level in sera of cirrhosic patients with HE and without HE were determined by ELISA, normal serum served as control. The change of serum MT level in exacerbation and remission in HE was also determined.RESULTS:MT level in patients with HE was higher than that withour HE (P＜0.01). MT levels of both groups were higher than that of normal group (P＜0.01). They were (308.53±59.07) ng/L, (139.85±34.59)ng/L,(77.73±28.41)ng/L, respectively. Serum MT level in exacerbation was higher than that in remission (P＜0.01), they were (301.52±66.42)ng/L and (147.81±23.31) ng/L, respectively. CONCLUSION: The elevation of MT content in sera may be closely related to the onset of hepatic coma.     

Effects of Nrf2 overexpression on proliferation,activation and collagen type I synthesis in cultured hepatic stellate cells stimulated by ethanol

AIM：To investigate the effects of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) overexpression on the proliferation, cell cycle distribution, collagen type I (Col I) synthesis and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in cultured hepatic stellate cell line HSC-T6 stimulated by ethanol. METHODS：Cultured HSC-T6 cells were transfected with pEGFP-Nrf2 or pEGFP-N1 (empty vector) plasmid by liposome transient transfection. The cells were divided into control group, ethanol group, ethanol+pEGFP-Nrf2 group and ethanol+pEGFP-N1 group. The mRNA expression of Nrf2, α-SMA and Col I was determined by RT-PCR, and their protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay, and cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS：The pEGFP-Nrf2 plasmid was successfully transfected into HSC-T6 cells, and the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 was higher than other three groups 48 h after transfection (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the cell proliferation and the mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA and Col I in ethanol group and ethanol+pEGFP-N1 group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the numbers of HSC-T6 cells were decreased in G1 phase and increased in S phase (P<0.05), without significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). Meanwhile, the cells in ethanol+pEGFP-Nrf2 group showed significantly decreased proliferation level, down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA and Col I, higher numbers in G1 phase and lower numbers in S phase compared with ethanol group and ethanol+pEGFP-N1 group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：Nrf2 overexpression could significantly down-regulate the expression of α-SMA and Col I and cause G1/S phase arrest in HSC-T6 cells cultured with ethanol, thus inhibiting the proliferation and activation of the cells.     

细胞因子在抗鸡球虫病中的作用机制及应用的研究进展

鸡球虫病是一种对养禽业危害极其严重的寄生虫病,现阶段主要使用药物对该病进行防治,但长期大量使用药物产生了耐药虫株、环境污染等问题,因此球虫疫苗研制成为控制鸡球虫病的首选方法.细胞因子作为疫苗免疫佐剂能增强疫苗的特导性免疫反应,在寄生虫疫苗研究中具有重要作用.文章对细胞因子抗鸡球虫病的作用机制及其在抗球虫病中应用的研究进展作一综述.     

Effect of miR-29b-mediated TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway on progression of hepatic fibrosis in rats

AIM: To investigate the role of microRNA-29b (miR-29b)-mediated TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and its effect on the progression of hepatic fibrosis in rats.METHODS: Hepatic liver fibrosis rat model was established, and its HSC were isolated. Normal rat HSC were also obtained and identified in vitro. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the alterations of miR-29b, TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway-related proteins and liver fibrosis marker proteins in the acquired cells. Finally, the direct targeting binding of miR-29b to TGF-β1 was identified by dual-luciferase reporter assay system.RESULTS: With the activation of HSC, the expression of miR-29b gradually decreased (P<0.01), while the expression of collagen type I and α-smooth muscle actin gradually increased (P<0.01). At the same time, the expression of Smad2/3/4 was significantly increased, and the expression of Smad7 was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-29b bound directly to "UCUCUCCGU" in the 3'UTR of TGF-β1, indicating that TGF-β1 was a downstream target gene of miR-29b.CONCLUSION: miR-29b may be involved in the inhibition of HSC activation and migration, thereby inhibiting the process of liver fibrosis. The biological function of miR-29b may be through the direct targeting of TGF-β1, thus regulating and inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.     

铁椆 对高糖高脂大鼠肝功能的影响

[目的]探讨铁桐对高糖高脂大鼠肝功能的影响。[方法]通过给正常大鼠饲喂高糖脂饲料,建立高糖脂大鼠模型;将试验大鼠随机分为正常组、高糖脂模型组、高糖脂模型对照组、添加铁榈低、中、高剂量组。6周后以摘眼球取血法采血检测各组肝功能各项指标。[结果]高糖高脂模型大鼠肝功能主要指标（AIJT、AST）较正常对照组（A组）显著升高（P〈0．01）;饲喂铁桐果实或叶粉3周后,各组肝功能主要指标明显改善,较高糖脂模型对照组（c组）显著降低（P〈0．01）,其中果实对肝功能指标改善的效果优于叶粉。[结论]铁桐果实和叶粉均能有效减轻肝损伤,改善肝功能。     

妥曲珠利-地克珠利复方溶液对鸡球虫病的疗效和安全性评价

妥曲珠利-地克珠利复方溶液设高、中、低3个剂量组,其中妥曲珠利使用浓度分别为20、10、5 mg/L,同时以百球清、妥曲珠利、地克珠利为对照药物,对鸡人工感染地克珠利耐药的柔嫩艾美耳球虫株进行临床抗球虫疗效试验。为评价妥曲珠利-地克珠利复方溶液对靶动物（鸡）的安全性,对试验鸡只连续30 d在饮水中按推荐剂量的5、10 、20倍给药,分别在第15、30 d 通过对增重、饲料报酬、器官系数、血液生化指标、病理组织学等方面进行观察和检测,与不给药对照组比较,以评价复方溶液的使用安全性。结果表明,复方溶液的低、中、高剂量组及百球清组的抗球虫指数（ACI）分别为112.1、182.5、193.9 和178.8。鸡只对妥曲珠利-地克珠利复方溶液的耐受性好,有较宽的安全使用范围。     

姜黄素为主的中药制剂对肉鸡球虫病的防治效果

[目的]探讨姜黄素对鸡球虫病的防控效果。[方法]选取600只1日龄矮脚黄鸡,随机分成空白对照组、球特威试验组、马杜霉素试验组。每组在试验结束后称重,记录各组采食量,计算料重比。分别在20、40、60日龄进行粪便卵囊计数,肠道病变计分,评价其抗球虫效果。[结果]球特威试验组矮脚黄鸡的体增重、料重比、球虫卵囊计数等方面均优于对照组。[结论]以姜黄素为主的中药制剂球特威对于防治球虫病方面具有良好效果。     

兔斯氏艾美耳球虫病的病理学诊断

[目的]对某养殖场送检患病幼兔进行病理学诊断。[方法]剖检后对患病幼兔的肝脏及粪便进行涂片检查,并利用常规石蜡切片对其进行病理变化观察。[结果]剖检可见幼兔肝脏肿大,表面和切面可见黄白色小结节,结节内充满黄绿色脓性分泌物或干酪样物质。肝脏涂片检查可见艾美耳球虫虫卵及大、小配子体,粪便检查未见球虫卵囊。组织病理学观察结果表明,肝脏组织结构破坏,胆管上皮增生,在增生的胆管上皮内可观察到不同发育阶段的斯氏艾美耳球虫卵囊、大配子体和小配子体。[结论]送检幼兔被诊断为斯氏艾美耳球虫病。     

Fat feeding increases equine heparin-released lipoprotein lipase activity

The aim of this study was to establish the dose-response relationship between fat intake and heparin-released plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in horses. Eight mature trotters were fed 4 rations with different fat levels (3.0, 5.0, 7.7, or 10.8% fat in the dry matter) according to a 4 X 4 Latin square design. The experimental rations consisted of hay and different concentrates; the concentrates and hay were given in a 3:1 ratio on an energy basis. Soybean oil was added to the concentrates at the expense of isoenergetic amounts of glucose. Blood samples were taken at the end of each dietary period, which lasted 3 weeks. Fat feeding was found to increase heparin-released plasma LPL activity in a dose-dependent fashion. When the data from this study and previous studies were combined it was calculated that an increase in fat intake by 1 g/kg dry matter is associated with an increase in LPL activity by 0.98 micromol fatty acid released-mL(-1) x h(-1). Fat feeding raised the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and phospholipids. Diet did not have a statistically significant effect on plasma triacylglycerol concentrations. The results are discussed in the light of the possible enhancing effect of fat feeding on the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle.