提高农用潜水电泵修复可靠性的方法

对以QY系列为主体的农用潜水电泵修复可靠性低、寿命短的问题，提出了改进措施，从而有效提高潜水电泵修复可靠性，并延长使用寿命。     

自动折叠喷洒臂的设计及运动学特性

为了解决当前卷盘式喷灌机所配套的喷灌车自动化水平较低的问题,设计了一种基于电动缸驱动的自动折叠喷洒臂,并在喷洒臂之间连接处设计了一种当喷洒臂完全展开时能够实现自密封的端面密封铰链.基于喷洒臂完全折叠时收拢于车架两侧,完全伸展时铰链左右铰合密封等特征建立各杆件参数约束方程,确定了喷洒臂的各杆件尺寸.通过矢量方程法对喷洒臂进行运动学分析,以电动杆推杆的转角、位移、速度、加速度为输入量,各杆件的角位移、角速度、角加速度为输出量,通过Simulink搭建喷洒臂的运动仿真框图并进行分析.结果表明:完全折叠时,喷管1与水平方向呈90°夹角;伸展过程中,各喷管运动平稳,且始终保持在水平直线方向;完全展开时,3个喷管转动90°,且各喷管铰接处完全闭合不发生水泄漏现象,说明设计具有一定的合理性.     

Analysis of Radial Forces on the Seal Block in a Compound Gear Pump with 3 Idle Gears

By analyzing the pressure distribution between gears and sealing blocks in compound gear pump with three idlers,the resultant hydraulic forces acting on seal blocks are obtained.The conclusion is the unbalanced resultant hydraulic forces are relatively small in magnitude.In the pump,the inner sealing edges are long and so it s Sealing effect is good,but the outer sealing effect is relatively poor because of its short sealing edges.The little unbalanced force pushes the sealing block to te pumping chamber,therefore it is advantageous to meliorating the pump's sealing effect,thereby to improving it's volumetric efficiency as well.     

锅炉循环水泵机械密封设计探讨

通过IR型热水循环泵轴封结构的更新设计实践，阐述了在水温150℃下机械密封的正确设计方法和组合式密封结构专利技术的优点。实践表明，该组合式密封结构作为锅炉热水循环泵的轴封使用是可行的，可以推广应用。     

反渗透海水淡化用提升泵的设计

针对提升泵存在轴头力过大的问题,采用调整口环直径、前盖板加装辅助叶片、降低转速等方法进行轴向力平衡,对于2500 t/d反渗透海水淡化的提升泵,通过降低转速增加叶轮尺寸的方法来平衡轴向力使结构更趋合理.结合反渗透海水淡化的工艺流程,提出提升泵性能参数的确定方法.鉴于提升泵入口高压的运行环境,选择单级悬臂、双蜗壳、三推力轴承组合结构形式,采用较粗的轴径和较小的悬臂比,提高系统的稳定性.应用新型的上游泵送机械密封,通过100 h的运转试验,在较高的压力环境下运行,仍能保持良好的密封性能,且断面无接触,磨损量小,解决了高压环境下轴封反复失效的问题.     

环保型叶片调节系统的开发与应用

叶片全调节是大型叶片泵工况调节的主要方式,在分析传统的机械和液压叶片调节方式存在问题的基础上,提出将机械式操作拉杆和液压式操作动力进行组合的环保型叶片调节机构,并设计了接力器的活塞缸分别布置在水泵轴和电动机轴之间的中置式和布置在轮毂上方的下置式2种叶片调节机构型式,较好地解决了密封要求高的问题,保证叶轮无泄漏.建立以三维CFD模拟技术为基础的叶片受力和水力矩大小及分布的预测和计算模型,提出了按不同叶片安放角和不同运行工况下力矩分布设计接力器结构(直径和压力等级)的方法.对现有的受油器结构和控制原理进行改进与完善,并成功研制采用伺服电动机-配压阀和数字比例阀的新型受油器结构,其调节精度可达4‰,实现了叶片精确调节和开/闭环控制.     

基于VOF模型的高温熔盐泵上端密封泄漏分析

为研究熔盐泵上端间隙密封的运行性能,基于SST k-ω湍流模型和VOF模型对熔盐泵上端密封结构性能进行计算,对不同扬程和不同介质条件下的泄漏量、扬程损失以及溢液腔内气液交界面形态进行分析.讨论扬程和介质条件对上端密封性能的影响,总结了关键变量和上端密封性能之间的相关关系.结果显示:泵扬程的增大会使泄漏量增加,如果扬程过大,黏性会对泄漏量产生显著影响;在相同扬程条件下,4种介质在间隙密封进出口的扬程损失差异均很小;间隙扬程损失随着泵扬程的增大而增加,3种泵扬程条件下间隙扬程损失都稍小于泵扬程;在溢液腔中,轴壁面高速旋转会使液体形成不规则的气液交界面和空腔;泵扬程的增大会抬高气液交界面的最高位置,使排液口内充液更多;在清水介质条件下,对该上端密封在不同扬程和流量的泵中下进行测试,在最高压力工况下熔盐泵仍保持稳定运行,未出现严重泄漏.     

不同红树林群落土壤吸附重金属的研究

[目的]为人工红树林生态系统的保护、管理以及人工红树林的生态功能价值评估提供科学依据。[方法]采集海南东寨港无瓣海桑(S.apetala Buch.-Ham.)人工林区、海桑[Sonneratia caseolaris(L)Engl]人工林区、秋茄[Kandelia candel(L.)Druce]人工林区、木榄[Bruguiera gymnorhiza(L.)Lam.]天然林区、海莲[Bruguiera sexangula(Lour.)Poiret]天然林区、秋茄[Kandelia candel(L.)Druce]天然林区以及裸滩的沉积物(0～20 cm深)样品若干,测定各样品中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cr的含量,并对人工林、天然林及裸滩3个生境土壤吸附重金属的能力进行比较。[结果]重金属含量大小依次为天然林﹥人工林﹥裸滩。东寨港地区红树林湿地Cu和Zn的污染系数为低,Pb和Cr的污染系数为中等。[结论]土壤吸附重金属的含量与土壤受污染水平、林龄有关,且不同红树林群落土壤吸附重金属能力略有差别。东寨港地区Cu、Zn、Pb和Cr 4种重金属的生态风险系数均较低。     

海南东寨港红树林湿地鸟类监测与研究

利用样线法年对海南东寨港红树林湿地的鸟类进行调查,并对鸟类的物种多样性和生境进行了分析。结果表明,东寨港红树林湿地共记录有鸟类11目26科65种,总数量为24531只,其中水鸟有41种,占调查总种数的63％。全年水鸟的种类和数量具有明显的季节性变化,均为越冬期较多,繁殖期较少。不同生境的鸟类群落组成及物种多样性在不同季节的差异性显著。     

Spatial association between northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) and potential prey distribution during the wintering period in the northern Sea of Japan

Elucidating the response of marine predators to oceanographic features helps in understanding their foraging strategies and the cause of their spatial overlap and interference with fishery activities. Northern fur seal is a highly pelagic species during the wintering period. In recent years, fur seals have consistently been found distributed near the coast of southwest Hokkaido, Japan. Because interference by fur seals with coastal fishery activities has become a serious concern, an understanding is sought as to why fur seals come ashore in this area. We conducted ship‐based observations and estimated fur seal density. To elucidate the spatial and seasonal association of fur seal distribution and ocean environments, we constructed statistical models to describe how potential prey distribution and oceanographic features influenced the fur seal spatial distribution during the wintering period. Fur seal distribution corresponded markedly to potential prey distribution, and they tended to aggregate along the narrow continental shelf that is the main geographic feature of this area, which is 2000 m deep and approximately 10 km from the coast. Walleye pollock [Gadus chαlcogrαmmα (Theragra chαlcogrαmmα)] and arabesque greenling (Pleurogrammus azonus), which are one of the main prey for fur seals, move to the shallow area to spawn on the continental shelf seasonally, so potential prey abundance could be higher in coastal areas than offshore. Moreover, the absence of a mesopelagic biotic community may be one of the main factors in the coastal distribution of the fur seal.