口感化及颗粒化开食料对早期断奶羔羊生长和胃肠道发育的影响

分析探讨口感化及颗粒化开食料对早期断奶羔羊生长和胃肠道发育的影响。选取新生健康的双羔湖羊公羔42只,随机分为两组,分别饲喂颗粒化和口感化开食料,试验期42 d。两组羔羊21日龄之前的采食量、体重和绝对生长的变化趋势相似。21日龄以后,口感化开食料组羔羊的采食量、体重、绝对生长和相对生长均明显高于颗粒化开食料组,42日龄体重、后两周的采食量及15～21日龄的相对生长率在两组间有显著差异(P < 0.05)。口感化开食料还显著提高(P < 0.05)了羔羊42日龄时的育肥指数、体长指数、胸围指数、管围指数和断奶前的瘤胃质量和瘤胃/胴体。以上结果表明,与颗粒化开食料相比,口感化开食料更有利于羔羊早期断奶前后的瘤胃发育、采食量提高、体重和体尺的发育,但对其他胃室及肠道发育没有影响。     

Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter of the ovine myostatin gene (MSTN) and their effect on growth and carcass muscle traits in New Zealand Romney sheep

Myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle growth and development in mammals, and variation in ovine myostatin gene (MSTN) has been demonstrated to be associated with variation in the muscularity of sheep. Polymerase chain reaction–single‐stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR–SSCP) was used to look for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a 304‐bp amplicon from the promoter region of ovine MSTN. Sequence analyses revealed two previously identified SNPs (c.?2449G/C and c. ?2379T/C) that resulted in three haplotypes (H₁ (c.[?2449G; ?2379C]), H₂ (c.[?2449C; ?2379C]) and H₃ (c.[?2449G; ?2379T]). The effect of these SNPs on growth and carcass traits was investigated in 357 NZ Romney lambs. General linear mixed‐effect models revealed that sheep with the genotype c.?2449GC had a higher loin meat yield (p = 0.032) and proportion loin yield (p = 0.028), than those with the genotype c.?2449GG. The genotype c.?2379CC was associated with an increase in three weight traits: birthweight (p = 0.003), tailing weight (p = 0.009) and weaning weight (p = 0.028), when compared with the genotype c.?2379TC, but it was not found to have an association with growth rate. This suggests that c.?2379T/C has an effect that originates at, or before birth. Haplotype H₃ was associated with a decrease in birthweight (p = 0.002), tailing weight (p = 0.003) and weaning weight (p = 0.011). Haplotype H₂ was associated with increased loin yield (p = 0.012) and proportion loin yield (p = 0.002). The SNPs may have value as genetic markers for improved Romney breeding.     

几种提取乌苏里貉毛囊核酸方法的比较(英文)

[目的]该研究旨在探讨提取乌苏里貉毛囊核酸的可靠方法。[方法]本实验分别利用改进的有机酚法,chelex-100法,PCR缓冲液法和试剂盒法,从乌苏里貉毛发中提取核酸DNA,对所提核酸进行PCR扩增及电泳分析,并且对四种方法进行比较。[结果]经分光光度计测定和凝胶电泳检测,本实验研究结果表明chelex-100提取的核酸有蛋白质等杂质,PCR缓冲液法提取核酸浓度低有机酚法和试剂盒法提取的DNA浓度高,且没有杂带。[结论]本研究为进一步探索高效,简便的提取乌苏里貉毛囊核酸DNA提供了有力的科学理论基础。     

甘肃高山细毛羊羔羊生长曲线模型选择及生长曲线分析

为了探索甘肃高山细毛羊羔羊的生长状况、生长规律及饲养模式,以86只甘肃高山细毛羊羔羊为研究对象,运用Logistic、Gompertz、Von Bertalanffy 3种典型的非线性数学模型对其初生体质量、1~6月龄的体质量和平均日增质量进行生长曲线模型的建立及拟合,并进行模型选择及生长曲线分析。结果显示,3种模型的曲线拟合度R2均在0.99以上,其中Gompertz模型拟合出的成熟体质量为39.11 kg,较Logistic模型高16.43%,较Von Bertalanffy模型低10.85%;拐点体质量为14.58 kg,分别较Logistic模型、Von Bertalanffy模型低13.15%、9.60%;拐点日龄为91 d,最大日增质量达495 g,明显高于Logistic模型、Von Bertalanffy模型。通过对3种模型拟合参数进一步对比分析,并结合肃南甘肃高山细毛羊羔羊的实际生长情况,可知Gompertz模型的拟合效果较好,其羔羊在3月龄时出现生长拐点,日增质量达到最大。     

不同杂交组合育肥羔羊生长、屠宰性能和肉品质的研究

 通过饲养试验对3个不同杂交组合育肥羔羊生产性能、屠宰性能和肉品质进行了研究,为选育优质肉羊品种提供理论基础。选取杜寒14只,南本18只,寒本12只为研究对象,相同条件下,饲养到9月龄,选取部分试羊进行屠宰,比较其屠宰性能和肉品质。结果表明：杜寒F1羔羊全期平均日增重达252.81g,极显著高于寒本（P＜0.01）,显著高于南本（P＜0.05）,南本显著高于寒本（P＜0.05）;杜寒的屠宰率和净肉率极显著高于寒本（P＜0.01）,显著高于南本（P＜0.05）,南本与寒本差异不显著（P>0.05）;南本的大理石纹极显著高于杜寒与寒本（P＜0.01）。南本的熟肉率显著高于寒本（P﹤0.05）。杜寒杂交组合生产性能和屠宰性能优势明显。     

獭兔毛密度变化及毛囊分化研究

为了了解獭兔在不同月龄毛囊和毛密度的变化,选择1～7月龄的獭兔为研究对象,通过活体取样,Sacpic法染色,对不同阶段切片进行观察统计,结果表明:毛密度在1～3月龄处于平台期,无显著变化(P0.05);4～7月龄毛密度处于一个波形变动期,其中通过切片观察5～7月龄为全休止期;4～6月龄为换毛期。本研究摸清了毛密度的变化趋势、变化阶段、各阶段毛囊群特点,为獭兔取皮时间的确定及提高毛密度的研究提供理论支撑。     

营养限制与补偿对蒙古羔羊体重和血液中生长相关激素的影响

试验研究不同能氮水平的营养限制与补偿对蒙古羔羊体重和血液生长相关的激素影响。选用内蒙古草原上健康的、平均体重15 kg左右的蒙古羔羊64只,随机分为对照组(CG)、限制1组(RG1)和限制2组(RG2)三个组,营养限制期(60 d)分别饲喂ME 10.88 MJ/kg、CP 13.0%(CG),ME10.88 MJ/kg、CP 8.9%(RG1),ME 8.62 MJ/kg、CP 5.7%(RG2)三个营养水平的日粮;营养补偿期(90 d)各组饲喂同一能氮水平饲粮(ME 9.75 MJ/kg,CP 12%)。结果表明:①随着营养水平的逐步降低,在限制末期,RG1组和RG2组羔羊的平均体重显著低于CG组(P<0.05),在补偿期,RG2组平均日增重显著高于CG组(P<0.05)。②在限制末期RG2组血液中GHRH及RG1、RG2组血液中GH浓度显著高于CG组(P<0.05),而RG2组血液中SS、IGF-I浓度显著低于CG组(P<0.05)。在补偿期,RG1、RG2组血液中IGF-I浓度有升高的趋势(P>0.05)。结果提示,营养限制所导致的羔羊血液中GHRH浓度升高和SS浓度降低可能是其在限制期血液中GH浓度升高及其在补偿期快速生长的原因之一。     

Regulation by gonadal steroids of estrogen and progesterone receptors along the reproductive tract in female lambs.

The regulation of estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER, PR) expression by estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in the oviduct, uterus and cervix of female lambs was studied. The animals received three intramuscular injections of E2, P4 or vehicle with an interval of 24 h and they were slaugthered 24 h after the third injection. Determinations of ER and PR were performed by binding assays and mRNAs of ER alpha and PR by solution hybridization. High levels of ER and PR in both cervix and oviduct were found in the female lamb, differing from other mammalian species. No significant effects by either E2 or P4 treatment on ER and PR levels in the cervix and oviduct could be observed. E2 treatment increased the mRNA levels of ERa and PR more than 3-fold in the cervix, while P4 treatment increased the mRNA levels of ERa and PR in the uterus. The results show differential effects of gonadal steroids on sex steroid receptor expression along the reproductive tract in female lambs, suggesting that steroid target tissues can modulate responses to the same circulating levels of steroid hormones.     

奶牛发情周期中毛 唾液和乳汁孕酮水平的变化

本实验采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定了11头奶牛一个发情周期里毛、唾液、乳汁中孕酮(P_4)含量。经产牛(n=8)的毛和唾液中P_4水平变化与乳汁中P_4水平变化一致。青年牛(n=3)的毛和睡液中的P_4水平变化一致,并分别与经产牛毛和唾液中P_4水平变化一致。7头配种后的经产牛和5头配种后的青年牛分别取20和23天的样品进行妊娠诊断,与配种后60天的直检结果相对照,依据经产牛毛、乳P_4水平进行妊娠诊断的阳性准确率分别是85.7％(6/7)和100％(7/7),依据青年牛毛P_4水平进行妊娠诊断的阳性准确率为100％(5/5)。     

纤维素复合酶对羔羊早期生长发育的影响

为研究日粮中添加外源性纤维素复合酶对羔羊早期生长发育的影响,选取20日龄30只健康的波尔山羊羔羊,分为对照(组不添加酶制剂)和试验组(添加纤维素复合酶-格林酶,0.2%)。分别在羔羊的2、3月龄和4月龄进行体重和体尺的测量。结果表明:纤维素酶对羔羊在各月龄体尺及体尺指数有提高的趋势,但影响不显著(P>0.05),而纤维素酶明显提高了整个试验期羔羊的体重和日增重,并且在3月龄时达到极显著(P<0.01)。