副鸡嗜血杆菌的初步分离与鉴定

从某鸡场发病鸡中分离出一株细菌，经过病原的分离培养、生化鉴定试验、动物回归试验等实验室方法，初步鉴定为副鸡嗜血杆菌。通过药敏试验筛选敏感药物，对该病的防治起到了积极的效果。     

Integration of pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic for dose optimization of doxycycline against Haemophilus parasuis in pigs

The aims of this study were to establish optimal doses of doxycycline (dox) against Haemophilus parasuis on the basis of pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) integration modeling. The infected model was established by intranasal inoculation of organism in pigs and confirmed by clinical signs, blood biochemistry, and microscopic examinations. The recommended dose (20 mg/kg b.w.) was administered in pigs through intramuscular routes for PK studies. The area under the concentration 0‐ to 24‐hr curve (AUC_0–24), elimination half‐life (T_½ke), and mean residence time (MRT) of dox in healthy and H. parasuis‐infected pigs were 55.51 ± 5.72 versus 57.10 ± 4.89 μg·hr/ml, 8.28 ± 0.91 versus 9.80 ± 2.38 hr, and 8.43 ± 0.27 versus 8.79 ± 0.18 hr, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of dox against 40 H. parasuis isolates was conducted through broth microdilution method, the corresponding MIC₅₀ and MIC₉₀ were 0.25 and 1 μg/ml, respectively. The Ex vivo growth inhibition data suggested that dox exhibited a concentration‐dependent killing mechanism. Based on the observed AUC_24 hr/MIC values by modeling PK‐PD data in H. parasuis‐infected pigs, the doses predicted to obtain bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination effects for H. parasuis over 24 hr were 5.25, 8.55, and 10.37 mg/kg for the 50% target attainment rate (TAR), and 7.26, 13.82, and 18.17 mg/kg for 90% TAR, respectively. This study provided a more optimized alternative for clinical use and demonstrated that the dosage 20 mg/kg of dox by intramuscular administration could have an effective bactericidal activity against H. parasuis.     

Comparison of sampling sites and detection methods for Haemophilus parasuis

Objective To improve the isolation rate and identification procedures for Haemophilus parasuis from pig tissues. Design Thirteen sampling sites and up to three methods were used to confirm the presence of H. parasuis in pigs after experimental challenge. Procedure Colostrum‐deprived, naturally farrowed pigs were challenged intratracheally with H parasuis serovar 12 or 4. Samples taken during necropsy were either inoculated onto culture plates, processed directly for PCR or enriched prior to being processed for PCR. The recovery of H parasuis from different sampling sites and using different sampling methods was compared for each serovar. Results H parasuis was recovered from several sample sites for all serovar 12 challenged pigs, while the trachea was the only positive site for all pigs following serovar 4 challenge. The method of solid medium culture of swabs, and confirmation of the identity of cultured bacteria by PCR, resulted in 38% and 14% more positive results on a site basis for serovars 12 and 4, retrospectively, than direct PCR on the swabs. This difference was significant in the serovar 12 challenge. Conclusion Conventional culture proved to be more effective in detecting H parasuis than direct PCR or PCR on enrichment broths. For subacute (serovar 4) infections, the most successful sites for culture or direct PCR were pleural fluid, peritoneal fibrin and fluid, lung and pericardial fluid. For acute (serovar 12) infections, the best sites were lung, heart blood, affected joints and brain. The methodologies and key sampling sites identified in this study will enable improved isolation of H parasuis and aid the diagnosis of Glässer's disease.     

规模化猪场猪繁殖与呼吸综合征感染混合细菌研究

规模化猪场爆发急性高热病,采集死猪肺脏病料和血清5份用RT-PCR方法进行PRRSVNSP2基因扩增,3份为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征阳性,编号为scwhn01,scwhn02和scwhn03.对scwhn01 NSP2基因进行克隆和序列测定分析,有30个氨基酸的不连续缺失,与VR2332,JXA1,BJ-4,HuN4,CH-1a,HB-1(sh)2002和HB-2(sh)2002的NSP2的同源率在74.2%~91.0%之间,并从病料中分离到2株细菌,编号分别为SNC0901和SNC0902,均使被攻毒小鼠死亡.16S rDNA测序并在Genbank中blast鉴定为副猪嗜血杆菌和大肠杆菌.对所分离的细菌进行17种抗生素药敏实验,对头孢噻呋、头孢噻吩等敏感;对克林霉素、阿莫西林/棒酸等中度敏感;对荷兰、林可霉素、丁胺卡那霉素和土霉素等耐药.表明该猪场因高致病性蓝耳病病毒混合感染副猪嗜血杆菌、大肠杆菌导致猪大量死亡.     

一例副猪嗜血杆菌病的诊治

针对一例以呼吸道症状和多发性关节炎为主要特征的慢性传染病,依据病史、临床症状、病理解剖和细菌学检查,诊断为副猪嗜血杆菌所致,并提出相应的防治方案,疫情得到控制。     

副猪嗜血杆菌的分离培养和血清型鉴定

从全国十多个省市送检的疑似患多发浆膜炎与关节炎猪的病料中分离到32株细菌,进行了细菌形态观察、培养特性和生化特性鉴定;根据副猪嗜血杆菌16S rRNA序列设计引物进行PCR扩增,将822bp扩增片段连入T-载体后测序,再与GenBank(M75065)中的序列进行比对,表明其与国外副猪嗜血杆菌菌株16S rRNA序列的同源性为97％以上,确定为副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,Hps)。将其中的15株按Kieletein-Rapp-Gabriedson(KRG)琼脂扩散血清分型方法进行血清型鉴定,结果为血清5型3株、血清4型4株、血清13型2株、血清12型2株,另外有4株不能进行分型。该结果表明副猪嗜血杆菌在我国广泛存在。     

陕西省规模猪场副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定及敏感药物筛选

为了解陕西省部分规模猪场副猪嗜血杆菌株的血清型及耐药特性,以指导临床用药,防控副猪嗜血杆菌病,对陕西省3个规模化猪场共60头表现副猪嗜血杆菌症状的病猪进行病理剖检,采集肝脏、肺脏、淋巴结、关节液等进行细菌分离培养及生化试验,并对分离菌株进行耐药性试验。结果表明,分离到42株副猪嗜血杆菌,其中血清1型1株(2.38%),4型8株(19.05%),5型15株(35.71%),12型3株(7.14%),13型11株(26.19%),其他型1株(2.38%),未定型的有3株(7.14%)。药敏试验结果表明,分离菌株对阿奇霉素、复方新诺明、氟苯尼考、洛美沙星高度敏感,对左旋氧氟沙星、替米考星、庆大霉素、诺氟沙星、磺胺甲氧嘧啶中度敏感,对头孢噻呋钠、链霉素、红霉素、林可霉素、环丙沙星、强力霉素不敏感。     

仔猪多发性关节炎病原菌的分离鉴定及耐药性研究

从山东地区32个猪场发生多发性关节炎的仔猪体内分离到15株病原菌。通过对分离菌株的形态染色、分离培养、生化试验及种特异性基因的PCR扩增等方法鉴定菌株,结果显示4株分离菌株为副猪嗜血杆菌,7株为猪链球菌,2株为化脓隐秘杆菌,1株为猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌,1株为猪丹毒杆菌。15株分离菌均对昆明小鼠有较强的致病力,且对先锋霉素类抗生素高度敏感,大多数菌株还对青霉素类、头孢菌素Ⅲ类、氟喹诺酮类、万古霉素、壮观霉素等抗生素高度敏感。该试验表明山东地区猪场仔猪多发性关节炎的病原菌主要是副猪嗜血杆菌和猪链球菌,可交替使用上述敏感抗生素防治该病。     

B型副鸡嗜血杆菌血凝素基因的克隆表达及生物活性鉴定

血凝素是副鸡嗜血杆菌（Haemophilus paragallinarum，Hpg）的主要抗原成分之一，鸡只对Hpg的免疫力与血凝素抗体滴度成正相关。根据GenBank上已发表的B型Hpg Dalian株的血凝素基因序列（AY622378），设计合成了1对特异扩增Hpg血凝素基因的引物。以大连分离株Hpg中提取的细菌DNA为模板，利用PCR扩增出了1038bp的血凝素基因，将其克隆到pET-32a载体上，构建了pET-HA原核表达质粒并在BL21。大肠杆菌中过量表达。血凝试验显示纯化的重组蛋白具有血凝活性；Western试验证明该重组蛋白可以被B型Hpg特异性鸡血清所识别。本研究在国内首次对Hpg的血凝素基因进行克隆表达，并分析了重组蛋白的血凝活性。