蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯(HMBi)对福建黄兔屠宰性能、肠道黏膜形态和肠道酶活的影响

本试验旨在研究蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯(HMBi)对福建黄兔屠宰性能、肠道组织形态和肠道酶活的影响。选取体重相近、健康的断奶福建黄兔100只(公、母各半),随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复5只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础日粮中分别添加0.20%、0.40%、0.60% HMBi。预试期10 d,正试期52 d。结果表明,①与对照组相比,Ⅱ组屠体重和屠宰率分别显著和极显著提高(P<0.05;P<0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组胴体重显著提高(P<0.05)。②与对照组相比,Ⅱ组十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度极显著提高(P<0.01),Ⅲ组空肠和回肠绒毛高度极显著提高(P<0.01);Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组十二指肠和空肠隐窝深度显著或极显著降低(P<0.05;P<0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组回肠隐窝深度显著提高(P<0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组十二指肠和回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值显著或极显著提高(P<0.05;P<0.01),Ⅲ组空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值极显著提高(P<0.01)。③与对照组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组淀粉酶活性显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,HMBi可提高福建黄兔的屠宰率,改善小肠黏膜形态,增加肠道酶活性;在本试验条件下,福建黄兔日粮中HMBi的适宜添加水平为0.40%。     

HMBi对肉牛肉品质、血清生化指标和肌肉组织H-FABP基因mRNA表达水平的影响

选择平均年龄4-5岁、体重相近的徐州黄牛16头进行配对,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组8头,在相同的条件下饲养.试验组分别在每头肉牛的精料中添加8 g·d-1蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙醇酯(HMBi),对照组的精料不添加HMBi.试验结束后统一屠宰,并测定相关指标,研究HMBi对肉牛胴体品质、血清生化指标、肌内脂肪含量以及心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)基因mRNA表达水平的影响.结果表明:在肉牛胴体品质方面,与对照组相比,试验组肉牛的肌肉色、脂肪色、剪切力和蒸煮损失均无显著差异(P>0.05);但大理石花纹等级高于对照组(P>0.05).在血清生化指标方面,试验组肉牛血清的甘油三酯含量在试验后极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);尿素氮浓度在试验后较试验前极显著降低(P<0.01),且试验期间试验组低于对照组(P>0.05);试验组葡萄糖浓度高于对照组(P>0.05),而脂肪酶活性,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和总胆固醇浓度则无显著变化(P>0.05).试验组肉牛背最长肌和臀中肌的肌内脂肪含量高于对照组(P>0.05).试验组肉牛背最长肌H-FABP基因mRNA的表达量高于对照组(P>0.05).可见,在日粮精料中添加8 g·d-1HMBi能降低肉血清甘油三酯水平,有提高大理石花纹等级的趋势,对肌内脂肪含量以及背最长肌H-FABP基因mRNA的表达量无显著影响.     

饲粮中2-羟基-4-甲硫基丁酸异丙酯添加水平对哺乳期山羊生长性能及氨基酸代谢的影响

旨在研究饲粮中2-羟基-4-甲硫基丁酸异丙酯(HMBi)添加水平对哺乳期山羊生长性能及氨基酸代谢的影响,为HMBi在山羊日粮中的添加应用提供理论参考。将27只健康、体质量相近(49.79±1.86kg)且均产单羔的哺乳期陕北白绒山羊随机分为3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加2%和4%的HMBi,试验期为60d。测定各组羊试验期平均日增加体质量(ADG)、乳成分、血液生化指标、血浆游离氨基酸质量浓度和乳水解氨基酸质量分数。结果表明:添加HMBi能够减轻哺乳期母羊体质量损失,2%组山羊哺乳期ADG显著高于对照组(P0.05)。对照组羊乳脂质量分数显著低于2%组(P0.05),极显著低于4%组(P0.01);对照组羊乳糖质量分数显著高于2%组(P0.05),显著低于4%组(P0.05);对照组羊乳蛋白、乳中总固形物和乳中非脂固形物质量分数均极显著低于2%组和4%组(P0.01);2%组羊乳蛋白和乳中非脂固形物质量分数极显著高于4%组(P0.01),乳糖和乳中总固形物质量分数极显著低于4%组(P0.01)。试验第60天,4%组山羊血清尿素氮(BUN)浓度显著低于对照组(P0.05),血浆Met质量浓度显著高于对照组(P0.05);2%组山羊血浆Thr、Val和Leu质量浓度显著高于4%组和对照组(P0.05),血浆Lys质量浓度极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。试验山羊乳中Met、必需氨基酸和总氨基酸质量分数随HMBi添加水平的提高有增加趋势,但各组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,哺乳期山羊饲粮中添加HMBi能够减轻山羊哺乳期体质量损失,改善山羊血清生化指标,提高山羊乳成分质量分数和血浆Met质量浓度;哺乳期山羊饲粮中2%HMBi的添加效果优于4%。     

Effect of inclusion of HMBi in the ration of goats on feed intake,nutrient digestibility,rumen bacteria community and blood serum parameters

The objective of this experiment was to test the effect of supplementation of analogues of methionine 2-hydroxy-4-methylthio butanoic acid isopropyl ester (HMBi) on growth, digestibility, antioxidant index, abundance and composition of rumen bacterial community in Xiangdong Black Goats. Thirty-six growing Xiangdong Black Goats were divided into four groups in such a way that each group had three replicate and each replicate had three animals. Experimental groups were assigned four levels of HMBi in basal diet: 0% HMBi (on dietary DM basis); 0.05% HMBi; 0.10% HMBi and 0.20% HMBi. Goats fed 0.10% HMBi in basal diet had higher average daily weight gain (p < .05). Goats fed 0.05% HMBi had higher apparent digestibility of gross energy (p < .01). The group 0% HMBi supplementation had a higher level of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde (p < .01). The goats fed 0.20% HMBi in basal diet had a higher level of insulin and leptin (p < .01) than 0% HMBi supplementation goats. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed similarities in the community composition, species diversity and relative abundance of dominant bacteria at the phylum and genus levels among the four groups. In conclusion, HMBi supplementation has no negative effect on apparent digestibility, antioxidant index and the ruminal bacteria composition. Therefore, 0.10% supplementation of HMBi is recommended in the diet of goats to improve the growth performance.     

蛋氨酸羟基异丙酯对母犊牛瘤胃发酵和微生物区系的影响

[目的]蛋氨酸羟基异丙酯(HMBi)作为饲料添加剂广泛用于补充反刍动物日粮中缺乏的蛋氨酸(Met),尽管HMBi拥有过瘤胃特性,但仍有部分在瘤胃中降解.研究拟探究HMBi对犊牛瘤胃发酵和微生物区系的影响.[方法]选取36头体重在(101±10)kg的84日龄断奶后荷斯坦母犊牛并随机分为两个处理组,分别为对照组(PC,0...     

HMBi对生绒期辽宁绒山羊氮、硫代谢的影响

试验研究不同水平HMBi对生绒期辽宁绒山羊氮、硫代谢的影响。采用4×4拉丁方设计,选择4只辽宁绒山羊羯羊为试验动物,配制HMBi水平为0%(对照日粮)、0.85%(试验日粮A)、1.27%(试验日粮B)、1.70%(试验日粮C)的4种日粮,试验分4个时期进行。试验期每日收集粪、尿,测定其中的氮、硫。试验结果显示,生绒期辽宁绒山羊日粮中添加HMBi能显著减少粪氮和尿氮,增加沉积氮和可消化氮(P<0.05);添加HMBi粪硫和尿硫显著增加,但可消化硫、沉积硫亦显著增加(P<0.05);添加HMBi能显著提高氮、硫的表观消化率、总利用率及生物学价值(P<0.05)。综合分析认为,生绒期辽宁绒山羊日粮中HMBi的适宜添加量为1.27%。     

Effects of 2‐hydroxy‐4‐(methylthio) butanoic acid isopropyl ester on growth and blood components in growing Holstein steers

Twenty‐four Chinese Holstein growing steers were randomly divided into three groups and fed a diet containing 0 (the control group), 15 (treatment I group, or TG1) or 25 (treatment II group, or TG2) g/day 2‐hydroxy‐4‐(methylthio) butanoic acid isopropyl ester (HMBi). Compared with the control group, the final body weights, total gains and average daily gains in the treatment groups increased (P < 0.01). The concentration of total protein (TP) for TG1 increased (P < 0.01). The levels of albumin in TG1 were higher than those in TG2 and the control group (P < 0.05). The concentration of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in TG2 increased (P < 0.05), but concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the treatment groups decreased (P < 0.05). HMBi improved the concentrations of selenium in both TG1 (P < 0.05) and TG2 (P < 0.01). The levels of glutathion peroxidase (GSH‐Px) in TG2 were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, HMBi increased the concentrations of growth hormone (GH) in both TG1 (P < 0.05) and TG2 (P < 0.01). These results indicate that the addition of HMBi increases growth performance, serum concentrations of GH and AST; 15 g/day HMBi increases concentrations of total protein and albumin, and 25 g/day HMBi increases concentrations of ALT and GSH‐Px.     

蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯对瘤胃体外发酵参数的影响

本试验利用体外产气法研究蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯(HMBi)对瘤胃发酵参数的影响.试验分为3个组,分别为对照组、试验1组和试验2组.其中,2个试验组的培养管中分别加入干物质量1％和2％的HMBi.分别在培养至3、6、9、12、24 h时测定产气量,培养12、24 h后测定发酵液pH以及挥发性脂肪酸和乳酸浓度.结果表明:12 h时2个试验组的乙酸、丁酸、异戊酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),但2个试验组间差异不显著(P＞0.05);24 h时各挥发性脂肪酸以及总挥发性脂肪酸浓度试验各组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05).试验各组的pH在12、24 h时均处于正常范围,12 h时pH试验1组高于对照组(P＞0.05)和试验2组(P＜0.05);而24 h时pH试验各组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05).24 h时2个试验组的乳酸浓度均高于对照组,且差异显著(P＜0.05),但2个试验组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).3、6、12 h时2个试验组的产气量均高于对照组,且差异显著(P＜0.05),但2个试验组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).由此得出,在发酵底物中添加HMBi可改善瘤胃体外发酵.     

蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯对奶牛产奶性能和血清生化指标的影响

选择24头健康荷斯坦奶牛进行配对,随机分为两组,每组12头.对照组仅饲喂基础日粮,试验组在饲喂基础日粮的同时,从产前21 d开始在日粮中添加20 g·d-1蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯(HMBi),产后添加量根据配方设定为30 g·d-1.结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组奶牛每天的产奶量提高了6.83 kg(P0.05),牛奶中的乳蛋白率升高了0.14个百分点(P0.05),体细胞数下降了26.80万个·m L-1(P0.01).产前14 d时,试验组奶牛血清中的球蛋白含量和尿素氮浓度升高,免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量降低(P0.05);产后14 d时,试验组血清中的总胆固醇浓度降低(P0.01);产后70 d时,试验组奶牛血清中的总胆固醇浓度也降低(P0.05).结论:在日粮中添加HMBi可以提高奶牛的产奶量,改善血清生化指标,促进机体的脂代谢;同时提高牛奶的乳蛋白含量,有效降低体细胞数.     

Effect of HMBi on Slaughter Performance,Intestinal Mucosal Morphology and Intestinal Enzyme Activity of Fujian Yellow Rabbits

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of HMBi on slaughter performance,intestinal mucosal morphology and intestinal enzyme activity of Fujian Yellow rabbits.100 weaning rabbits (half male and half female) with similar weight were randomly allotted to 4 groups with 5 replicates per group and 5 rabbits per replicate.The control group was fed a basal diet,groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed the basal diets supplemented with 0.20%,0.40% and 0.60% HMBi,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 10 days and the trial period lasted for 52 days.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the slaughter weight and dressing percentage in group Ⅱ were significantly and extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01),respectively,the carcass weight in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05).② Compared with control group,the villous height of duodenum and jejunum in group Ⅱ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),the villous height of jejunum and ileum in group Ⅲ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01);The crypt depth of duodenum and jejunum in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly or extremely significantly decreased (P<0.05;P<0.01),the crypt depth of ileum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05);The V/C of duodenum and ileum in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01),the V/C of jejunum in group Ⅲ was extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).③ Compared with control group,the amylase activity in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05).In conclusion,HMBi could enhance dressing percentage,improve intestinal mucosal morphology and increase intestinal enzyme activity of Fujian Yellow rabbits.Under this experiment conditions,the appropriate HMBi level in the diet of Fujian Yellow rabbits was 0.40%.