Influence of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on nonspecific humoral defense mechanisms and protection against furunculosis in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca)

Studies have shown that in both in vitro and in vivo tests, β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate (HMB) increases the nonspecific cellular and humoral immune response and protection against diseases in animals. The present study examines the influence of HMB on nonspecific humoral defense mechanisms and protection against furunculosis in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate was fed in a pelleted ration of 50 mg kg^?1 feed day^?1 for 4 weeks. Blood was drawn from 12 HMB‐fed and control‐fed pikeperch. The lysozyme and ceruloplasmin activities in the plasma, total immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, and total serum protein were analysed prior to and then after 2 and 4 weeks of HMB ingestion. After 4 weeks of HMB ingestion, a challenge test was performed by injecting the fish with live pathogenic Aeromonas salmonicida bacteria. β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate at a dose of 50 mg kg^?1 feed resulted in a statistically significant (P<0.05) increase in the lysozyme activity of the plasma, total Ig, and serum protein levels. Additionally, reduced mortality (40%) after the in vivo challenge with pathogenic A. salmonicida suggested that HMB‐activated nonspecific protection against furunculosis in pikeperch.     

Effects of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and γ-Oryzanol on Blood Biochemical Markers in Exercising Thoroughbred Race Horses

In both the horse and the man, nutritional ergogenic aids have been used to improve physical ability in conjunction with an appropriate training regimen. Although training increases physical condition, the ease of taking a nutritional additive to improve training results explains the demand for supplementation, which may increase mechanical energy of work, delay onset of fatigue, or improve neuromuscular coordination. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of oral supplementation of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) and γ-oryzanol (GO) on indices of exercise-induced muscle damage in Thoroughbred race horses. In this 32-week study, the horses were assigned to either a placebo, GO (3.0 g/d), HMB (15 g/d), or GO and HMB treatment groups. The supplements were administered for the first 16 weeks of the study during the training period before the racing season began. Blood samples were taken at baseline, and then during training, before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 30 minutes after exercise. Heart rate and speed were monitored in each exercise session. Hematocrit, glucose, lactate (LA), creatine phosphokinase, and aspartate aminotransferase were measured before and after each exercise session. Analysis of variance showed a significantly greater increase in postexercise creatine kinase activity in placebo-supplemented group than in the other treatment groups, both in the training period and during the racing seasons (P < .05). Blood LA was higher immediately after exercise in the placebo group compared with the supplemented groups. In conclusion, supplementation with HMB and GO resulted in decreased creatine kinase and LA after exercise. These findings support the hypothesis that HMB and GO supplementation helps to prevent exercise-induced muscle damage.     

蛋氨酸及其羟基类似物的吸收和代谢

本文概述了蛋氨酸及其类似物的吸收、转运机制和代谢途径等方面内容,并结合实际分析了二者生物学效价存在较大争议的各方面原因,指出要解决分歧的关键在于更加深入地了解二者吸收和代谢的机制。     

The effect of feeding the leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on cell-mediated immunity and protection against Yersinia ruckeri in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca)

The present study examined the influence of leucine metabolite β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate (HMB), a natural product HMB, on nonspecific cell‐mediated defence mechanisms and protection against enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate was fed in a pelletted ration at 50 mg kg^?1 of the feed for 8 weeks. The phagocytic ability and potential killing activity of blood and pronephric phagocytes were examined in HMB‐ and control‐fed fish before and after 8 weeks of feeding HMB. Simultaneously, the proliferative response of blood and pronephric lymphocytes stimulated by mitogens concanavaline A and lipopolisaccharide were examined in experimental and control groups. Following 8 weeks of HMB feeding, a challenge test was performed by injecting the fish with live pathogenic bacteria Yersinia ruckeri. β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate applied in the diet for 8 weeks prompted a statistically significant (P<0.05) increase in phagocytic ability and potential killing activity of the blood and pronephric phagocytes and the proliferative response of blood and pronephric lymphocytes. The changes in these mechanisms correlated with protection against Y. ruckeri, the ERM pathogen. The results showed that feeding HMB increased the nonspecific cell‐mediated defence mechanisms and protection against ERM by reducing cumulative mortality (30%) following the challenge with pathogenic bacteria. Future studies will include determination of optimal doses and protocols of oral application of HMB to maximize the immunomodulatory effects and protection against viral diseases in intensive pikeperch culture.     

液态蛋氨酸羟基类似物的瘤胃降解研究进展

液态蛋氨酸羟基类似物 (HMB)是一种有效的反刍动物用活性蛋氨酸源 ,具有提高产奶量、改善乳成分、促进脂肪代谢和降低饲料成本等多种作用。本文在综述 HMB瘤胃降解研究结果的基础上 ,对影响其降解率的有关因素进行了详细分析 ,并指出消化道食糜流动速度是影响HMB利用率的主要因素     

吉林省农户养猪生产效率分析

利用吉林省1989-2005年农户饲养生猪投入产出的面板数据,采用非参数HMB指数方法对生猪生产效率进行分解分析,获取各指数的时序变动趋势和空间分布特征.结果表明:吉林省农户饲养生猪的全要素生产率主要由于规模效率的提高和技术进步而呈递增趋势,各市(县)生猪生产的全要素生产率与其技术进步的变动趋势一致,可以通过扩大生产规模、提高技术进步水平和技术应用的有效性来提高生产效率.     

日本水稻生产效率的实证分析

利用1998-2007年日本(分为10个地区)水稻生产投入产出面板数据(Panel data),采用非参数的全要素生产率HMB指数方法对日本水稻生产效率进行分析,得到各个指数的变动趋势和分布特征.结果表明:日本水稻全要素生产率在1998-2007年间呈现较大波动且总体呈下降趋势,全要素生产率的波动主要受纯技术效率、要素...     

中国肉牛生产效率研究——基于全国8个肉牛主产省区的分析

通过中国8个肉牛主产省区1991～2009年肉牛生产的投入产出数据,采用非参数的HMB指数法对肉牛生产效率进行分析,并将HMB指数进行分解。结果表明,中国肉牛生产效率的提高主要受到技术进步的影响,可以通过提高技术水平和给予肉牛产业扶植政策来提高肉牛生产效率。     

母猪饲粮添加β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸对母猪繁殖性能及仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究母猪饲粮添加β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸(HMB)对母猪繁殖性能及仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响。选取20头3～6胎次、妊娠74 d的"长×大"母猪,随机分成2组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头母猪,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在对照组基础饲粮中添加2 000 mg/kg HMB。试验从母猪妊娠第74天开始,至仔猪21日龄断奶结束。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组仔猪初生个体重显著提高14.1%(P<0.05),仔猪7、21日龄窝重分别显著提高16.6%、11.7%(P<0.05),仔猪初生至7日龄、初生至21日龄窝增重分别显著提高28.3%和12.5%(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验组母猪在妊娠第98天和分娩当天血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量分别提高35.3%(P<0.01)、13.0%(P>0.05),免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量分别提高34.7%(P<0.05)、12.6%(P>0.05);与对照组相比,试验组母猪初乳中IgG含量显著提高19.0%(P<0.05),分娩后第14天常乳中IgM含量显著提高21.4%(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验组仔猪7日龄血浆IgG、IgM含量分别显著提高11.4%和40.1%(P<0.05)。上述结果提示,母猪妊娠后期及哺乳期饲粮中连续添加2 000 mg/kg HMB,可显著提高仔猪初生重和哺乳期增重,改善母猪及仔猪免疫功能。