用免疫荧光、酶标技术检测赭曲霉毒素A的研究

该项研究采用本课题组提纯的赭曲霉毒素A(Ochratoxin A·简称OA)和研制的兔抗OA抗体等,进行间接荧光法和ELISA间接法检测OA的试验。通过对不同浓度的OA纯品和含毒饲料浸提液及中毒死亡鸡内脏的间接荧光染色,均能检出分布均匀、大小有别的黄绿色荧光亮点;用OA为被检抗原和兔抗OA抗体与羊抗兔IgG-HRP进行ELISA间接法试验,对含不同浓度OA的试验孔和对照孔的检测,结果均正确稳定。研究结果证明,以上两种检测方法检测OA均具有灵敏、特异、快速等优点。     

实验性急性猪丹毒抗原定位和病理学研究

用猪丹毒强毒株人工接种试验猪,采取其心、肺、肾、肝等器官制成样品,光镜和电镜观察结果,靶器官为心、肾、脑、脾、淋巴结,猪丹毒杆菌定位在器官的微血管。     

Identification of a potentially important antigen of pasteurella haemolytica

To identify antigens which may be important for stimulating immunity to pneumonic pasteurellosis, a bovine antiserum to whole P. haemolytica was used to screen a recombinant lambda gt11/P. haemolytica expression library. One of the recombinant bacteriophage clones identified with the bovine antiserum, SW20C, expressed a fusion protein which was also recognized by rabbit antiserum to partially purified P. haemolytica culture supernatant and was found to be immunogenic in guinea pigs. The guinea pig antibody recognized a 100 kDa protein in P. haemolytica cell lysates. Sequence analysis of the cloned DNA from SW20C identified a fragment of 1443 bp with a small open reading frame that was contiguous with the lacZ sequence. The 153 bp P. haemolytica-specific open reading frame encoded a polypeptide of approximately 6kDa. Homology searches of Genbank and the EMBL data bases revealed no homology of this open reading frame with any other bacterial sequences including P. haemolytica leukotoxin and Ssa1. Evaluation of sera from calves that were scored either susceptible or resistant to experimental pneumonic pasteurellosis demonstrated a significant (P < 0.001) correlation between the intensity of the antibody response to the SW20C antigen and resistance to disease.     

H5亚型禽流感灭活疫苗免疫后鸡血凝抑制抗体动态变化观察

选择国家指定的两个厂家生产的禽流感灭活疫苗(H5亚型,N28株)进行无母源抗体来航鸡的免疫试验.通过鸡免疫后血凝抑制(HI)抗体的动态性检测,对两个疫苗的免疫效果进行了观察.研究结果表明,两个疫苗均具有良好的免疫效果,但也存在一定程度的差异;加强免疫可以明显提高抗体水平,延长免疫保护时间.     

一株鸭源禽流感病毒（H9N2）全基因序列分析及其排毒规律的研究

为研究一株鸭源H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(JN1株)全基因组的分子特征和遗传进化情况以及感染雏鸭后的排毒规律,对其生物学特性、全基因组序列以及遗传进化进行了分析,通过点眼滴鼻方式感染3周龄健康雏鸭,利用建立的实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测鸭的排毒规律,并测定血清抗体效价。JNI株的鸡胚半数感染量为10~(-7.54)/0.2mL,鸡胚最小致死量的平均死亡时间为72h,静脉致病指数为0.266,抗原相关系数为0.47。系统发育分析表明,JN1株的HA与CK/HK/G9/97和DK/HK/Y280/97在同一分支上,NA、M、NP、PA、PB1、PB2基因与SH/F/98同源性较高,NS基因则与H5N1亚型禽流感病毒进化关系较近。HA的裂解位点为PSRSSR↓GL,存在6个潜在糖基化位点,在234位的氨基酸残基为L,NA基因颈部存在缺失。雏鸭在感染该病毒后,饮食正常,精神良好,3~17d均有排毒,咽拭子和泄殖腔棉拭子排毒规律基本一致,分别在第3天和第13天出现排毒高峰。该H9N2亚型禽流感病毒属欧亚大陆分支,为低致病性禽流感,病毒可通过呼吸道和泄殖腔向外界排毒,排毒时间较长。     

酶联免疫吸附法测定畜禽组织中恩诺沙星的残留量

利用抗原抗体反应的高度特异性和酶的高效催化作用相结合,测定畜禽组织中恩诺沙星的残留量。结果表明,该检测方法简便、快速、灵敏。     

Considering sink strength to model crop production under elevated atmospheric CO2

Climatic changes and elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations will affect crop growth and production in the near future. Rising CO₂ concentration is a novel environmental aspect that should be considered when projections for future agricultural productivity are made. In addition to a reducing effect on stomatal conductance and crop transpiration, elevated CO₂ concentration can stimulate crop production. The magnitude of this stimulatory effect (‘CO₂ fertilization’) is subject of discussion. In this study, different calculation procedures of the generic crop model AquaCrop based on a foregoing theoretical framework and a meta-analysis of field responses, respectively, were evaluated against experimental data of free air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) environments. A flexible response of the water productivity parameter of the model to CO₂ concentration was introduced as the best option to consider crop sink strength and responsiveness to CO₂. By varying the response factor, differences in crop sink capacity and trends in breeding and management, which alter crop responsiveness, can be addressed. Projections of maize (Zea mays L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production reflecting the differences in responsiveness were simulated for future time horizons when elevated CO₂ concentrations and climatic changes are expected. Variation in future yield potential associated with sink strength could be as high as 27% of the total production. Thus, taking into account crop sink strength and variation in responsiveness is equally relevant to considering climatic changes and elevated CO₂ concentration when assessing future crop production. Indicative values representing the crop responsiveness to elevated CO₂ concentration were proposed for all crops currently available in the database of AquaCrop as a first step in reducing part of the uncertainty involved in modeling future agricultural production.     

口蹄疫病毒抗原保护剂的研究

[目的]研究几种(海藻糖、蔗糖、山梨醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、硫脲、明胶、L-精氨酸、抗坏血酸)保护剂,为口蹄疫抗原保护剂配方的形成提供参考。[方法]用三因素、三水平、双重复正交试验方法筛选出了对口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)抗原保护效果最好的I(4#)保护剂配方,以加保护剂A(已申请专利)的病毒为对照,比较其在不同条件下的TCID50和146s抗原的含量。[结果]通过方差分析4#保护剂保存病毒测得TCID50极显著的高于1、3、5、6、7、8号,显著高于2、9。将4#保护剂加入被保存的病毒抗原中,分别于4℃下保存90、120、150 d,其logTCID50分别为5.3、5.0和4.5,而加保护剂A(已申请专利)的对照病毒则为5.0、4.5和4.3;在37℃下保存40、50和60 h,其logT-CID50分别为4.5、2.5和1.0;而加保护剂A的对照病毒则为3.5、1.5和0.5,为了进一步验证保护剂对FMDV抗原的保护性能,进行了FMDV146s抗原含量的测定。分别于4℃下保存150 d,37℃下保存40 h,测得结果分别为0.796、0.462μg/ml,而加保护剂A的对照病毒则为0.602、0.307μg/ml。[结论]该复合配方保护剂I(4#)对FMDV有效抗原的保护作用优于保护剂A,尤其是病毒保护剂对提高FMDV的冷冻保存时间和耐热效能作用明显。     

ChIL-2对H5亚型AIV疫苗免疫增强作用研究

鸡白细胞介素2真核表达质粒pCI-IL-2及原核表达重组鸡白细胞介素2(rChIL-2)分别与H5亚型禽流感油乳剂灭活苗联合使用,25日龄首免,40日龄时加强免疫.MTT法检测各组鸡外周血淋巴T细胞增殖,HI试验监测H5亚型禽流感抗体水平的消长规律,结果表明:pCI-IL-2及rChIL-2均能显著增强AIV疫苗的免疫效果(P＜0.05),pCI-IL-2和rChIL-2两组间差异不显著(P＞0.05);证实鸡白细胞介素2对H 5亚型禽流感疫苗有免疫增强作用.rChIL-2协同免疫组MTT及HI试验均在第四周 达到峰值,pCI-IL-2协同免役组峰值出现时间稍晚,但随后质粒免疫组可维持在更高的水平值.提示IL-2蛋白的作用更迅速,IL-2质粒作用更持久.     

芽孢杆菌的筛选及其在豆粕发酵中的应用

筛选出耐酸耐胆盐且产蛋白酶、淀粉酶性能较好的优势芽孢杆菌菌株,以期制备高效复合益生素或应用于豆粕发酵。首先,对分离并镜检出的17株菌株进行耐酸耐胆盐特性初筛,而后对筛出的3株菌株进行耐酸耐胆盐梯度复筛,随后检测其发酵豆粕的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性以及对抗原蛋白的降解能力。最后通过16SrRNA扩增比对鉴定筛选的菌种,进而通过MEGA4.0构建系统进化树进行分析。成功筛选出1株耐酸耐胆盐、产蛋白酶和淀粉酶,且能高效降解豆粕抗原蛋白的解淀粉芽孢杆菌B9。