冷冻干燥对丝素蛋白凝胶结构的影响

为了探讨冷冻干燥对丝素蛋白凝胶结构的影响,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)研究了丝素凝胶在冷冻干燥前后二级结构的变化。发现在冷冻干燥过程中,丝素蛋白中分子链内β-折叠结构含量增加,分子链间β-折叠结构含量减少,并有部分无规卷曲结构转变为β-折叠结构;但冷冻干燥前后总的β-折叠结构含量变化不大。     

Production of offspring from vacuum-dried mouse spermatozoa and assessing the effect of drying conditions on sperm DNA and embryo development

Freeze-dried sperm (FD sperm) are of great value because they can be stored at room temperature for long periods of time, However, the birth rate of offspring derived from FD sperm is low and the step in the freeze-drying process particularly responsible for low offspring production remains unknown. In this study, we determined whether the drying process was responsible for the low success rate of offspring by producing vacuum-dried sperm (VD sperm), using mouse spermatozoa dried in a vacuum without being frozen. Transfer of embryos fertilized with VD sperm to recipients resulted in the production of several successful offspring. However, the success rate was slightly lower than that of FD sperm. The volume, temperature, and viscosity of the medium were optimized to improve the birth rate. The results obtained from a comet assay indicated that decreasing the drying rate reduced the extent of DNA damage in VD sperm. Furthermore, even though the rate of blastocyst formation increased upon fertilization with VD sperm, full-term development was not improved. Analysis of chromosomal damage at the two-cell stage through an abnormal chromosome segregation (ACS) assay revealed that reduction in the drying rate failed to prevent chromosomal damage. These results indicate that the lower birth rate of offspring from FD sperm may result from the drying process rather than the freezing process.     

3种抗氧化剂对冷冻干燥牛肉抗氧化效果的比较试验

[目的]探讨不同种类抗氧化剂的抗氧化能力及其保持冷冻干燥牛肉新鲜度和改善色泽的效果.[方法]用不同浓度的异抗坏血酸钠、维生素E、茶多酚3种抗氧化剂在牛肉冷冻干燥工艺过程中处理牛肉,测定冷冻干燥牛肉中TBA值、丙二醛(MDA)含量、总菌数和色泽.[结果]试验表明,单因素试验中3种抗氧化剂均有抗氧化效果,但浓度不同其抗氧化作用差异较大;0.4 g/k异抗坏血酸钠单独使用抗化效果比较明显,增大浓度后效果没有明显提升,而维生素E既经济又有效的浓度则为40 mg/kg、茶多酚为800 mg/kg;同时经试验证明3种抗氧化剂复合使用时效果比单独使用时好,最佳复合抗氧化组复合比例为异抗坏血酸钠:维生素E:茶多酚为0.3 g/kg∶ 40mg/kg∶ 500 mg/kg.[结论]研究可为延长冷冻干燥牛肉保质期提供参考依据.