天麻田间高产栽培措施试验

为提高天麻栽培产量，扩大天麻栽培地域，提高山区有限土地利用率，笔者将影响天麻田间高产栽培的几个关键因子进行比较试验，总结出天麻田间高产栽培的有效措施，为大力发展天麻生产提供了科学依据。     

沟槽滤棒压降影响因素的因子分析

[目的]深入研究沟槽滤棒特征参数及组成材料对滤棒压降的影响。[方法]选取常见的8种不同规格的沟槽滤棒及其主要组成材料为分析对象,采用相关性分析与因子分析,开展9个主要特征参数对沟槽滤棒压降的影响程度研究。[结果]试验表明,影响沟槽滤棒压降的特征参数间存在显著或极显著的相关性,相关系数矩阵中特征值大于1.0的前3个成分的累计贡献率达87.502%;由沟槽滤棒压降影响特征参数的旋转因子载荷矩阵得到3个公因子,总结定义后分别是:丝束总质量因子、单丝线密度/纤维素纸物理特性因子、沟槽特征参数因子。[结论]因子分析得出的公因子影响情况与实际沟槽滤棒生产检验过程中出现的情况基本吻合,进一步证实了沟槽滤棒特征参数对滤棒压降影响的准确性。     

Four years validation of decision support optimising herbicide dose in cereals under Spanish conditions

The Danish decision support system Crop Protection Online (CPO) optimises herbicide weed control. CPO recommends specific herbicide solutions to achieve a required level of control. The aim is to apply herbicides as little as possible but as much as necessary. CPOWeeds is a version of CPO adjusted to conditions in North-eastern Spain. The predicted efficacies and the yield obtained with CPOWeeds were validated in winter cereal field trials from 2010 to 2013. All CPOWeeds treatments were related to the efficacies obtained with standard herbicide treatments decided upon by local advisors. The predictions from CPOWeeds were compared to the actually achieved efficacies in the field trials for the nine weed species at different developmental stages and for 84.2% of the comparisons the obtained efficacies were equal to or higher than predicted. The average difference between predicted and observed efficacies was 2.35 percentage points. Yield was measured in three trials and the recommendations from CPOWeeds were maintaining yield. There were two situations where CPOWeeds were performing suboptimal. One is in the early weed growth stages, as the model is not yet prepared to account for water stress on root action herbicides applied at 10-11 BBCH. The second situation was in fields with a prior unidentified population of resistant Alopecurus myosuroides. For key species in winter cereals in Spain, such as Avena sterilis, Lolium rigidum and Papaver rhoeas, CPOWeeds achieved a satisfactory control level. It was concluded that the use of CPOWeeds allowed optimisation of the herbicide application with a very high robustness. The recommendations were satisfactorily for the conditions of the Northeast of Spain and have the potential to decrease the amount of applied herbicides by at least 30%. Therefore, it can be an important tool in Integrated Weed Management.     

考虑环境因素的中部省份城镇化水平评价指标体系构建

该文选取了2004—2012年数据,采用因子分析和DEA的方法对中部六省城镇化水平的指标进行筛选,采用Tobit方法探讨环境与城镇化水平之间的关系并进行回归分析。分析结果可以得出通过指标筛选以后的中部六省的城镇化水综合情况以及排名,为中部六省未来政策的制定提供依据。     

表皮生长因子的作用机理及对体外受精的影响

表皮生长因子(EGF)是一种重要的多肽类生长因子,它对卵母细胞的体外成熟和早期胚胎的发育具有明显的促进作用。大量研究表明:EGF能够以旁分泌(Paracrine)或自分泌(Autocrine)的形式作用于胚胎组织中的EGFR,刺激内细胞团(ICM)和滋养外胚层的增殖,从而调节早期胚胎的发育。     

PTGS/ RNAi的作用机制及其应用

论述了双链RNA对同源基因的表达进行特异性的封闭而引起的转录后的基因沉默（PTGS/ RNAi）现象, PTGS/ RNAi的作用机理，作用模型，参与这一过程的酶、基因、起始因子和作用因子，介绍了PTGS/ RNAi在基因组功能研究、基因的时空表达调控以及在作物改良等方面的应用。     

冶金因素对纯镍铸铁焊条抗热裂性能影响

研究了钛、铌，钛，钼，硅和钇镁硅铁合金对纯镍铸铁焊条抗热裂性能的影响，试验结果表明，钛，铌，钴，钇和镁在焊缝中的含量有一最佳值，综合利用这些合金元素，可显著改善纯镍铸铁焊条的抗热裂性能，其熔敷金属的机械性能可符合铁素体球墨铸铁（ＱＴ４００－１５）的要求。     

穗离体培养下温度对小麦蛋白质及其组分和产量性状的影响

本实验采用穗离体培养的方法研究了不同培养温度对小麦蛋白质及其组分和小麦产量性状的影响.试验表明:在扬花前3天至乳熟期间,温度对小麦籽粒总蛋白质的含量影响不大,但对蛋白质组分影响较大,低温有利于清蛋白的形成,高温有利于醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的形成;同时试验还表明低温条件下小麦茎杆总蛋白含量高于高温培养下的茎杆含量;不同培养温度对小麦结实率和粒重也有影响,小麦1.2小花和整穗可见花结实率随温度增高而上升,到20℃时达到最大,分别为96.36%和72.11%,百粒重随温度的升高而增大,呈线性相关,相关系数为0.974013.另外本试验还对受温度影响的13个指标进行了因子分析,分析结果表明13个指标可以压缩为3个因子,因子1可以命名为产量因子,决定总变异的48.045 4%,因子2和因子3可合称为蛋白质组分和粒重因子决定总变异的51.9546%.     

绿豆品种资源萌发期耐碱性鉴定

采用人工气候箱内培养皿培养,以混合碱Na HCO3∶Na2CO3(摩尔比)为9∶1模拟典型东北地区碱胁迫环境,在萌发期以50 mmol L–1溶液处理34份绿豆品种资源,蒸馏水处理为对照,每培养皿放30粒种子。培养第3天测定发芽势,第7天测定发芽率、下胚轴长、胚根长、下胚轴干重、胚根干重等指标,通过隶属函数法和聚类分析对参试材料耐碱性综合评价,并进行因子分析。利用隶属函数法对参试材料耐碱性排序表明,不同绿豆品种资源间表现出较大差异,聚类分析把参试材料按耐碱性强弱分为4大类,白绿11等9份材料为耐碱类型,公绿1号等19份材料为耐碱中间类型,吉绿3号等5份材料为碱敏感类型,潍绿7号为碱极敏感类型。因子分析结果表明,萌发指数、下胚轴干重、胚根长分别在萌发因子、生物量累积因子和伸长因子中的负荷量最大,可作为绿豆萌发期耐碱性鉴定的适宜指标。     

影响胚胎移植成功率的主要因素

本文针对在胚胎移植过程中可能预见的各种影响胚胎移植技术的实施的因素进行了较为全面的分析,并针对不同影响因素提出了自己独特的见解,以期在生产实践中对胚胎移植技术的应用和推广有所借鉴。