接种乳酸菌风干香肠脂肪及游离脂肪酸变化规律

将乳酸菌 ( L plantarum )接种到肠馅中 ,按着我国风干香肠传统工艺生产 ,在风干过程中测定脂肪及游离脂肪酸变化。结果表明 ,添加乳酸菌的香肠脂肪含量略低 ,酸价高 ,说明添加乳酸菌能促进脂肪分解 ;另外游离脂肪酸含量增高 ,尤其是 C18∶ 1和 C16∶ 0 两种脂肪酸含量明显增多 ,而 C18∶ 2 则略低 ,可能是 C18∶ 2 进一步参加反应的结果     

Effects of Carbohydrate-free Diets on the Performance of Lactating Mink (Mustela vison) and the Growth Performance of Suckling Kits

The effects of carbohydrate-free diets on body weight changes, feed consumption, and plasma concentrations of nutrients, metabolites, and hormones in lactating mink and on growth performance in kits were investigated in a total of 108 litters during the lactation period of seven weeks. The litters were distributed in three experimental groups fed different ratios of metabolisable energy (ME) derived from protein and fat (61:38; 47:52; 33:66). The females and kits were weighed at parturition and 2, 3, 4, and 7 weeks after parturition. Blood samples were collected from females in the second, fourth, and sixth week of the lactation period. Carbohydrate-free diets fed to lactating mink can in principle support normal performance, health of the females, and growth performance of the kits. However, mink need a sufficient supply of available gluconeogenic precursors in the form of amino acids. In the present experiment, the diet with 33% of ME from protein contained insufficient amounts of gluconeogenic precursors for lactating mink, and three weeks post partum this group was excluded from the experiment. The differences in dietary protein level (61% and 47% of ME) and fat level (38% and 52% of ME) influenced the plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA) and urea, but had minimal influence on plasma concentrations of other nutrients, metabolites, and hormones.     

金华火腿传统加工过程中脂质分解氧化及其相关性研究

通过对金华火腿传统加工过程中游离脂肪酸（FFA）、硫代巴比妥酸（TBARS）及双烯值和羰基值等的分析,研究其在加工过程中的脂质分解氧化规律及其与温度条件的相关性。结果表明：棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸是火腿中FFA的主要成分,在成熟结束时占FFA总量的93．58％,多不饱和脂肪酸由亚油酸占主导地位;在加工过程中各种FFA均先降低再增加,其总量在发酵中期达到最高点;高温成熟促进脂质分解,同时加速不饱和脂肪酸的氧化,使多不饱和脂肪酸含量和TBARS显著地降低;双烯值、羰基值与温度呈正相关（R^2分别为0．9388和0．8416）。     

兔肉发酵香肠营养分析

以木糖葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus xylosus）C18、植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）L26、德巴利汉逊氏酵母（Debaryomyces hansenula）Y36为发酵剂制作兔肉发酵香肠,以获得营养价值得到显著改善的兔肉发酵香肠制品。[方法]以3种菌单独接种及混合接种兔肉香肠与对照组作比较,选取其所含游离氨基酸、游离脂肪酸进行分析研究。[结果]C18组必需氨基酸总量最高（C18组赖氨酸含量低于L26和Y36组）;C18和Y36对脂类的分解能力高于L26,对蛋白质的水解作用则低于L26。[结论]3种菌复合发酵的香肠多不饱和脂肪酸含量增加;接菌发酵的兔肉香肠营养价值显著高于未接菌组。L26组甘氨酸、C18组丝氨酸的百分含量高,改善甜味;L26组的苦味氨基酸缬氨酸含量最低,蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸含量混合发酵组最低。     

高效液相色谱荧光检测法同时检测鸡蛋中氟苯尼考及其代谢物氟苯尼考胺残留

建立了高效液相色谱荧光检测法同时检测鸡蛋中氟苯尼考及其代谢物氟苯尼考胺残留的方法.鸡蛋经碱性乙酸乙酯提取,饱和正己烷脱脂,氮吹仪吹干浓缩后用流动相溶解.用Lichrospher C1s柱,以乙腈-磷酸二氢钠溶液(0.01 mol/L,含0.005 mol/L十二烷基硫酸钠和0.1％三乙胺)(35:65,v/v)为流动相,在激发波长224 nm、发射波长285 nm处用荧光检测器检测.氟苯尼考在0.01～10.0 mg/L、氟苯尼考胺在0.002 5～2.5 mg/L浓度范围内,本方法线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.99 97和0.999 8.当添加水平氟苯尼考为15～500μg/kg、氟苯尼考胺为5～500 μg/kg时,该方法平均回收率分别为87.41％～92.29％和89.01％～95.15％,相对标准偏差分别为3.51％～5.36％和4.28％～5.72％;检测限分别为1.5 μg/kg和0.5 μg/kg(S/N=3);定量限分别为5μg/kg和2 μg/kg(S/N=10).该方法简便、快速、灵敏度高,可同时检测鸡蛋中氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺的残留.     

Role of Corticosterone in Lipid Metabolism in Broiler Chick White Adipose Tissue

Excessive accumulation of body fat in broiler chickens has become a serious problem in the poultry industry. However, the molecular mechanism of triglyceride accumulation in chicken white adipose tissue (WAT) has not been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the physiological importance of the catabolic hormone corticosterone, the major glucocorticoid in chickens, in the regulation of chicken WAT lipid metabolism. We first examined the effects of fasting on the mRNA levels of lipid metabolism-related genes associated with WAT, plasma corticosterone, and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA). We then examined the effects of corticosterone on the expression of these genes in vivo and in vitro. In 10-day-old chicks, 3 h of fasting significantly decreased mRNA levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in WAT and significantly elevated plasma concentrations of NEFA. Six hours of fasting significantly increased mRNA levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in WAT and significantly elevated plasma concentrations of corticosterone. On the other hand, fasting significantly reduced mRNA levels of LPL in WAT and elevated plasma concentrations of NEFA in 29-day-old chicks without affecting mRNA levels of ATGL in WAT or plasma corticosterone concentrations. Oral administration of corticosterone significantly reduced mRNA levels of LPL and significantly increased the mRNA levels of ATGL in WAT in 29-day-old chicks without affecting plasma NEFA concentrations. The addition of corticosterone to primary chicken adipocytes significantly increased mRNA levels of ATGL, whereas mRNA levels of LPL tended to decrease. NEFA concentrations in the culture medium were not influenced by corticosterone levels. These results suggest that plasma corticosterone partly regulates the gene expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in chicken WAT and this regulation is different from the acute elevation of plasma NEFA due to short-term fasting.     

Impact of lipases with different substrate specificity in wheat flour separation on the properties of the resultant gluten

Wheat gluten was isolated in a laboratory dough-batter flour separation process in the presence or absence of lipases differing in hydrolysis specificity. The obtained gluten was blended with wheat starch to obtain gluten-starch (GS) blends of which the water and oil binding capacities were investigated. Furthermore, GS blends were mixed into dough and processed into model breads, of which dough extensibility and loaf volume were measured, respectively. In comparison to GS blends prepared with control gluten, oil binding capacity was higher when GS blends contained gluten isolated with Lecitase Ultra (at 5.0 mg enzyme protein/kg flour), a lipase hydrolyzing both non-polar and polar lipids. Additionally, dough extensibility and total work needed for fracture were lower for dough prepared from GS blends containing gluten isolated with Lipolase (at 5.0 mg enzyme protein/kg flour), a lipase selectively degrading non-polar lipids. In GS blend bread making, this resulted in inferior loaf volumes. Comparable GS blend properties were measured when using control gluten and gluten isolated with YieldMAX, a lipase mainly degrading N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine. In conclusion, properties of GS blend model systems are altered when gluten prepared in the presence of lipases is used to a degree which depends on lipase specificity and concentration.