草莓摘叶处理对果实芳香物质的影响

 对草莓(Fragaria×ananassa Duch．)‘哈达’品种坐果后植株进行摘叶处理，对成熟果实的糖类和芳香物质含量进行了测定分析，结果表明：不摘叶、摘1/3叶和摘2/3叶3个处理果实GC/MS分析分别检测出43、33和37种芳香物质成分。随摘叶程度加重，芳香物质成分中酯类的相对含量呈下降趋势，而醛类的相对含量呈上升的趋势；2，5-二甲基-4-甲氧基-3(2H)-呋喃酮的相对含量明显降低；果糖和总糖含量显著降低。     

滨海沙地尾巨桉人工林凋落物及碳氮养分归还

对滨海沙地10年生尾巨桉人工林凋落物数量及其碳氮归还量进行为期1年的定位监测。结果表明：尾巨桉人工林年凋落量为673992kg/(hm2·a),叶是凋落物的主要形式;凋落物量具有明显的季节动态,表现为“双峰”型,即5月和7月出现2次高峰;凋落物各组分碳含量差异不明显,介于45%~50%;凋落叶的氮含量是皮和枝的2倍多,氮含量大小排序为碎屑>叶>果>枝>皮。碳氮元素养分年归还量为332586kg/(hm2·a),其中：碳归还量为326748kg/(hm2·a),氮归还量为5839kg/(hm2·a);C/N值为5596,高于同试验区其他树种,大小排序为皮>枝>果>叶>碎屑。     

Immunohistochemical study on changes in gill Na+/K+-ATPase α-subunit during smoltification in the wild masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou

Changes in immunoreactivity of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase -subunit in gill sections of wild masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) during the parr-smolt transformation (smoltification) were compared with changes in gill Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase specific activity. Gill Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase specific activity increased from April and peaked in May. Immunohistochemical analysis, using an antiserum against a synthetic oligopeptide based on the conserved region of the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase -subunit, revealed that immunoreactivity was confined to chloride cells in the surface layer of primary lamellae and the proximal end of secondary lamellae. The size and number of these cells increased gradually from February to May; however, the number of chloride cells of the secondary lamellae decreased in May. These data suggest that the synthesis of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and the proliferation of chloride cells occur prior to the elevation of enzyme activity. Moreover, it is likely the proliferation and hypertrophy of chloride cells on primary lamellae prepare smolts for entry into seawater and migration in the ocean.     

热研4号王草干燥特性的试验研究

在将热研4号王草调制成青贮饲料或干草的加工中,干燥是一个关键性环节,也是发展热研4号王草产业的瓶颈问题。为此,采用快速薄层干燥的试验方法,研究热研4号王草的含水量与干燥时间、干燥介质温度两者之间的关系,并分析影响其营养成分的因素。结果表明:热研4号王草的干燥最佳介质温度为150°～180℃,鲜草刈割后必须在24h内进行快速干燥。     

A survey on the use of rugs in Australian horses

The practice of horse rugging has important implications for horse welfare and performance, but in Australia, rugging practices have not been properly documented. The objective of this study was to obtain an understanding of Australian horse rugging practices. An online survey reviewed the management of 2659 Australian horses over 12 months. Of the reported horses a total of 84.8% were rugged, although most owners (69.5%) indicated that they were unsure whether horses needed to be rugged at all. Rugging was felt by 59.8% of owners to be a requirement for horses in competition. Riding and competition were significantly associated with the use of rugs. Nearly all respondents (89.0%) felt that ‘over-rugging’ was a concern. However, 4.8% of owners would use up to 4 rugs at any one time on their horse and 21.4% of horses were still rugged in temperatures above 20°C in Australia. Many Australian horse owners (42.8%) also believe that horses feel cold if they are not rugged. Anthropomorphism when it comes to rugging horses cannot be justified as the horse has a much wider thermoneutral zone (TNZ) than humans. Australian climate, owner opinions, equestrian discipline and whether a horse is used for riding influence Australian horse rugging practices. However, current practices are based on limited available research and are not necessarily to the benefit of the horse. The major limitation was that the survey likely attracted respondents who are interested in the topic creating a self-selection bias.     

The roles of light and pericarp on seed dormancy and germination in feral Raphanus sativus (Brassicaceae)

The timing of seed germination may determine the success of a weed species in an agroecosystem, and its expression is modulated by environmental conditions, but also by seed physiology and anatomy. The aims of this study were to investigate the roles of light, pericarp, dry storage and cold stratification on seed dormancy and germination in feral radish, a troublesome agricultural weed in temperate zones of the Americas that reduces crop yields. To this end, we used isolated intact pods and extracted seeds to test germination over time under contrasting temperature, light and storage conditions. Here, we showed that fresh seeds were non‐dormant, but that light and the presence of the pericarp reduced germination, especially under low temperatures. The pericarp reduced the final water content absorbed by seeds inside pods and decreased absorption/dehydration rates. The pericarp showed several small lignified cell layers in the endocarp, and x‐ray images displayed the lack of space between the partially embedded seed and the endocarp. Dry storage and cold stratification were ineffective in breaking the dormancy imposed by the pericarp. The apparent requirement for darkness and the mechanical restriction of the pericarp may have the potential to induce dormancy, spreading the timing of seed germination over a more extended period and hindering the control of feral radish.     

直喷式柴油机排放性能的试验研究

对由车用6110直喷式柴油机改造的单缸柴油机的排放特性进行了试验研究。结果表明，在大负荷和高速小负荷工况下，微粒的排放量较大；中等转速中等负荷工况下，NOx的排放量较大。     

茎芥菜胞质四倍体不结球白菜雄性不育系杂种优势利用研究

以4xMtCMS为母本,6个四倍体不结球白菜自交系为父本配制杂交组合,测定其杂种优势。结果表明:与相应父母本相比,四倍体杂交组合杂种6个F1产量均表现正的中亲和超标优势,以4xMtCMS×07P-10和4xMtCMS×07P-8的产量杂种优势最强,中亲优势、超亲优势及超标优势最大分别达18.90%、15.27%和12.61%,株高、开展度、叶片数、叶面积和单株产量等农艺性状杂种优势普遍存在;品质性状显著高于父母本,平均中亲优势均表现为正向优势,但优势率较小,平均超亲优势、超标优势杂种优势不明显。     

水稻籼粳杂种一代生育期的表现

 采用生育期不同的籼型野败恢复系和保持系与典型粳稻和籼粳中间型亲本配制成80份籼粳杂种一代组合，用亚种肉品种间杂交为对照，研究了籼粳稻杂种一代生育期的表现。结果表明，以籼粳亚种间杂种一代生育期优势最强，一般都超过双亲平均值；品种间杂种一代生育期优势最弱，接近中亲值；籼或使型亲本配籼粳中间型亲本，杂种一代生育期优势介于上述两类型组合之间。籼粳杂交由于双亲的不同，组合间F₁生育期优势差异很大，有的组合甚至出现负向优势．这种生育期优势差异既受双亲本身生育期的迟早所支配，如杂种一代生育期长短排列顺序为中籼／晚粳＞中籼／早或中粳＞早籼或早熟中籼／晚粳＞早籼或早熟中籼／早或中粳；又受籼型亲本所含的野败恢、保遗传基因所制约，凡用籼型野败恢复系配制的籼粳杂种一代其生育期优势明显减弱，并与双亲籼、粳遗传距离的大小有关，杂种一代生育期优势随双亲籼、便遗传距离的扩大而增强。