A natural fungicide for the control of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Erysiphe betae</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Erysiphe cichoracearum</Emphasis>

This study examines the effects of a vegetable fungicide on sugar beet powdery mildew (Erysiphe betae) and cucumber powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum). The formulations consisting of a dispersion of Brassicaceae meal in vegetable or mineral oils on infected leaves of sugar beet, reared in the greenhouse, and of musk melons cultivated under plastic tunnels, were tested in comparison to each oil taken separately. Both formulations containing Brassicaceae meals, caused 94% of conidia to be distorted while for the untreated group only 2% were distorted. Furthermore, the leaf area infected by E. betae was 56% for untreated plants and 2.7 and 9.9% respectively, for plants treated with meal containing mineral and vegetable oil. Vegetable oil considered separately or with Brassicaceae meals showed no phytotoxicity, while the formulations based on mineral oil showed a significantly lower fresh and dry weight on tomato plants. The low level or absence of phytotoxicity of plants treated with vegetable oil formulations suggests that to improve the efficacy of powdery mildew control, they could be used mixed with sulphur. The efficiency of the vegetable formulations in the powdery mildew control observed during these trials encourages further investigation on other parasitic fungi and foliar pathogens.     

无公害优质果品生产技术

通过对品种、生态条件、栽培技术和釆后商品化处理等方面对无公害优质果品影响的分析,提出了选用优良品种、适地适树、科学栽培管理和釆后商品化处理等无公害优质果品生产技术规范。     

东方白鹳保护经济机制探析

黑龙江省三江平原是东方白鹳的重要繁殖地,但是当地传统农业模式对东方白鹳生存和繁殖造成了比较严重的影响。国际上为了解决传统农业与鸟类的冲突采取了多种保护经济激励措施,典型的有日本的以环境友好型种植的具有"生命品牌"的大米,美国的栖息地改造工程(HIP)和农田鸟类栖息地改善计划(WHEP)等。在我国,保护经济激励机制在诸多鸟类保护案例中已显现出明显的效果。"白鹳—大米"是指在东方白鹳利用农田生境进行繁衍的前提下产出的环境友好型大米。东方白鹳保护经济机制以城市居民对环境友好型"白鹳—大米"偏好明显为前提,通过城市居民的购买带来的经济效益保障农户收益并激励农户进行环境友好型耕种,同时给予东方白鹳更多的高质量生境,达到促进农业发展和保护东方白鹳的目的。在以上分析基础上,本论文还分析了国内外野生动物保护经济案例中存在的问题及解决办法,最后结合实地调查结果,建议在东方白鹳保护中使用经济激励机制,并提出了相应的配套措施。     

云南大姚县核桃病虫害绿色防控技术应用示范

核桃是云南最具特色的高原林产业,为了有效防控核桃病虫危害,显著提高核桃品质,在云南大姚开展了核桃病虫害绿色防控技术应用示范。通过2年园艺技术、生物防控、物理诱杀等技术措施的应用,调查表明,示范林主要病虫害平均危害率较对照林降低了26.94%,产果量较对照林增产24.3%。结果表明,该绿色综合防控技术的推广应用能为生产安全、优质的云南省特色“精品核桃”提供保障,有利于云南核桃产业的持续健康发展。