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1.
Y. Forcada A. Holder D.B. Church B. Catchpole 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):458-464
Background
Feline diabetes mellitus (DM) shares many pathophysiologic features with human type 2 DM. Human genome‐wide association studies have identified genes associated with obesity and DM, including melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), which plays an important role in energy balance and appetite regulation.Hypothesis/Objectives
To identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the feline MC4R gene and to determine whether any SNPs are associated with DM or overweight body condition in cats.Animals
Two‐hundred forty domestic shorthaired (DSH) cats were recruited for the study. Of these, 120 diabetics were selected (60 overweight, 60 lean), along with 120 nondiabetic controls (60 overweight and 60 lean). Males and females were equally represented.Methods
A prospective case‐control study was performed. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples and used as template for PCR amplification of the feline MC4R gene. The coding region of the gene was sequenced in 10 cats to identify polymorphisms. Subsequently, genotyping by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis assessed MC4R:c.92C > T allele and genotype frequencies in each group of cats.Results
No significant differences in MC4R:c.92C>T allele or genotype frequencies were identified between nondiabetic overweight and lean cats. In the overweight diabetic group, 55% were homozygous for the MC4R:c.92C allele, compared to 33% of the lean diabetics and 30% of the nondiabetics. The differences between the overweight diabetic and the nondiabetics were significant (P < .01).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
We identified a polymorphism in the coding sequence of feline MC4R that is associated with DM in overweight DSH cats, similar to the situation in humans. 相似文献2.
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R. Langhorn I.N. Kieler J. Koch L.R. Jessen 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):57-63
Background
Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) has been increasingly used as a marker of early chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats, but little is known about the influence of comorbidities on SDMA in this species.Hypothesis
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and diabetes mellitus (DM), independently of CKD, are associated with changes in serum SDMA.Animals
Ninety‐four cats (17 with CKD, 40 with HCM, 17 with DM, and 20 healthy controls).Methods
Case‐control study. Clinical examination, echocardiography, ECG, blood pressure, CBC, biochemistry, thyroxine, and SDMA measurement were performed. Urinalysis was performed in controls and cats with CKD and DM. Analysis of variance was used to compare overall differences in the log‐transformed SDMA data among groups. A random forest algorithm was applied to explore which clinical and other factors influenced serum SDMA.Results
Median (range) serum SDMA for the renal group (positive control) was 19 (10–93) μg/dL, whereas for the control group (negative control), it was 10 (5–15) μg/dL. For the cardiac and diabetic groups, serum SDMA was 9 (4–24) μg/dL and 7 (3–11) μg/dL, respectively. The renal group had significantly higher SDMA concentrations and the diabetic group significantly lower SDMA concentrations compared to all other groups.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Serum SDMA concentrations in cats with HCM were not significantly different from those of healthy control cats. Cats with DM, however, had significantly lower SDMA concentrations than controls, a finding that needs further investigation and should be kept in mind when evaluating renal function of cats with this endocrinopathy. 相似文献6.
M. Hafner S. Dietiker‐Moretti K. Kaufmann C. Mueller T.A. Lutz C.E. Reusch E. Zini 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1753-1759
Background
Remission occurs in 10–50% of cats with diabetes mellitus (DM). It is assumed that intensive treatment improves β‐cell function and increases remission rates.Hypothesis
Initial intravenous infusion of insulin that achieves tight glycemic control decreases subsequent insulin requirements and increases remission rate in diabetic cats.Animals
Thirty cats with newly diagnosed DM.Methods
Prospective study. Cats were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups. Cats in group 1 (n = 15) received intravenous infusion of insulin with the goal of maintaining blood glucose concentrations at 90–180 mg/dL, for 6 days. Cats in group 2 (n = 15) received subcutaneous injections of insulin glargine (cats ≤4 kg: 0.5–1.0 IU, q12h; >4 kg 1.5–2.0 IU, q12h), for 6 days. Thereafter, all cats were treated with subcutaneous injections of insulin glargine and followed up for 6 months. Cats were considered in remission when euglycemia occurred for ≥4 weeks without the administration of insulin. Nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis.Results
In groups 1 and 2, remission was achieved in 10/15 and in 7/14 cats (P = .46), and good metabolic control was achieved in 3/5 and in 1/7 cats (P = .22), respectively. Overall, good metabolic control or remission occurred in 13/15 cats of group 1 and in 8/14 cats of group 2. In group 1, the median insulin dosage given during the 6‐month follow‐up was significantly lower than in group 2 (group 1: 0.32 IU/kg/day, group 2: 0.51 IU/kg/day; P = .013).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Initial intravenous infusion of insulin for tight glycemic control in cats with DM decreases insulin requirements during the subsequent 6 months. 相似文献7.
Rodríguez Piñeiro MI de Fornel-Thibaud P Benchekroun G Garnier F Maurey-Guenec C Delisle F Rosenberg D 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2011,25(5):1066-1074
Background: The measurement of adrenal gland size on computed tomography (CT) scan has been proposed for the etiological diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) in dogs. Symmetric adrenal glands are considered to provide evidence for ACTH‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism (ADHAC), whereas asymmetry suggests ACTH‐independent hyperadrenocorticism (AIHAC). However, there are currently no validated criteria for such differentiation. Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare various adrenal CT scan measurements and the derived ratios in ADHAC and AIHAC cases, and to validate criteria for distinguishing between these conditions in a large cohort of dogs. Animals: Sixty‐four dogs with HAC (46 ADHAC, 18 AIHAC). Methods: Dogs with confirmed HAC and unequivocal characterization of its origin were included. Linear measurements of adrenal glands were made on both cross‐sectional and reformatted images. Results: An overlap was systematically observed between the AIHAC and ADHAC groups for all measurements tested. Overlaps also were observed for ratios tested. For the maximum adrenal diameter ratio derived from reformatted images (rADR), only 1/18 AIHAC dogs had a rADR within the range for ADHAC. For a threshold of 2.08, the 95% confidence intervals for estimated sensitivity and specificity extended from 0.815 to 1.000 and from 0.885 to 0.999, respectively, for AIHAC diagnosis. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Measurements from cross‐sectional or reformatted CT scans are of little use for determining the origin of HAC. However, rADR appears to distinguish accurately between ADHAC and AIHAC, with a rADR > 2.08 highly suggestive of AIHAC. 相似文献
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Ghrelin is a novel growth hormone-releasing acylated brain-gut peptide, consisting of 28 amino acids, discovered and isolated from stomach.Ghrelin stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH) through the binding with growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. The intensive results imply that ghrelin exists in brain and gastrointestinal tract, and that many other cells can secret ghrelin. Functionaly, ghrelin not only increase the GH release, but also is related to body growth energy metabolism, endocrine, blood circulation and some diseases. 相似文献
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Diabetes mellitus in a population of 180,000 insured dogs: incidence, survival, and breed distribution 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fall T Hamlin HH Hedhammar A Kämpe O Egenvall A 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2007,21(6):1209-1216
BACKGROUND: Canine diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrinopathy with an unclear etiology. For a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, there is a need for comprehensive epidemiologic studies. Earlier studies have shown that the risk of disease is higher in certain dog breeds. HYPOTHESIS: Incidence, age of onset, survival and sex proportion of DM vary by breed. ANIMALS: Data from a cohort of 182,087 insured dogs aged 5-12 years accounting for 652,898 dog-years at risk were studied retrospectively. METHODS: Incidence rates by sex, breed, and geography were calculated with exact denominators. Age-specific incidence and survival after 1st DM claim were computed with Cox's regression and Kaplan-Meier survival function. Multivariable survival analysis was performed for the outcome diagnosis of DM with age, sex, and geography tested as fixed effects, previous endocrine or pancreatic diseases tested as time-dependent covariates, and breed tested as a random effect. RESULTS: The mean age at 1st insurance claim for the 860 DM dogs (72% females) was 8.6 years. The incidence of DM was 13 cases per 10,000 dog-years at risk. Australian Terriers, Samoyeds, Swedish Elkhounds, and Swedish Lapphunds were found to have the highest incidence. The proportion of females with DM varied significantly among breeds. Swedish Elkhounds, Beagles, Norwegian Elkhounds, and Border Collies that developed DM were almost exclusively females. The multivariable model showed that breed, previous hyperadrenocorticism, and female sex were risk factors for developing DM. Median survival time was 57 days after 1st claim. Excluding the 223 dogs that died within 1 day, the median survival time was 2 years after 1st claim of DM. CONCLUSION: The significant breed-specific sex and age differences shown in this study indicate that genetic variation could make breeds more or less susceptible to different types of DM. 相似文献
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Abdominal Ultrasound Examination Findings in 534 Hyperthyroid Cats Referred for Radioiodine Treatment Between 2007–2010
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L.K. Nussbaum T.D. Scavelli D.M. Scavelli J. Pintar A.K. Henderson J.A. DeMarco S. Worwag R.P. Bastian H.S. Kittner 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(4):1069-1073