百力佳叶面肥对宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄生长发育及品质的影响

在宁夏酿酒葡萄集中栽培区宁夏国营玉泉营农场设置了田间试验,研究了百力佳营养型叶面肥对酿酒葡萄生长发育及产量品质的影响.结果表明:百力佳对酿酒葡萄株高、新梢长度及叶绿素含量都有促进作用;在施用化肥的基础上再喷施百力佳能够显著促进酿酒葡萄果穗长,显著降低果实酸碱度和总酸度,显著增加还原糖含量,显著增加葡萄百粒果重,也明显有增加酿酒葡萄产量的趋势.     

生态旅游业对东祁连山区农户经济行为的影响分析

东祁连山区位于干旱半干旱地区,旅游资源丰富,立足于区域特色优势的生态旅游业将有助于农牧民增收和生态环境良好。论文通过分析肃南县马蹄寺旅游区周边地区农牧户经济行为,结果表明,生态旅游业对农牧户经济行为产生了积极的影响,农牧民生活水平和生活质量有了显著提高,农业收支比例逐年下降,旅游业收支比例上升;农牧民生产生活方式发生了根本性转变,旅游区及其周边区域的生态恶化局面初步缓解。     

An ecosystem-based assessment of the Korean blue crab trammel net fishery in the Yellow Sea and management implications

Landings in the blue crab, Portunus trituberculatus, fishery in Korean waters of the Yellow Sea have declined substantially from 11,000 t in the 1980s to 2,300 t in 2004. Blue crab habitat quality in the Yellow Sea has been degraded by anthropogenic activities including sand mining, land reclamation, and coastal pollution. Various traditional management measures have been implemented, including closed seasons during spawning and size limits, but these measures alone have been unsuccessful to conserve blue crab stocks. Consequently, a total allowable catch and a stock-rebuilding program using an ecosystem-based management approach were implemented in 2003 and 2006, respectively to rebuild blue crab stocks and restore habitats. This program involved assessment of both blue crab stock status and trammel-net fishery impacts at an ecosystem-level using an ecosystem-based fisheries assessment method ( [Zhang et al., 2009] and [Zhang et al., 2010]), which considered fishery data from catch and effort time-series, crab population biology, and ecosystem characteristics, including habitats and environmental conditions. Recent (2008) management status indices have shown significant positive change compared to conditions in 2000 with respect to sustainability of the stock and fishery and with regards to biodiversity and ecosystem habitat quality.     

蓝光连续光照对大豆芽苗菜类黄酮合成的影响

以黑暗培养(D)为对照,阐明了蓝光(B)连续光照对大豆(Glycine max L.Merr.)芽苗菜品种东农690生长和类黄酮合成的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,蓝光连续光照36 h显著提高了大豆芽苗菜子叶中山奈酚(kaempferol)和黄豆苷元(daidzein)的含量,同时子叶中蓝光光受体基因CRY1、CRY2,类黄酮合成相关基因IFS的表达量也显著提高。处理组中,大豆芽苗菜下胚轴中黄豆苷(daidzin)含量逐渐增加,黄豆苷元(daidzein)、染料木素(genistein)、染料木苷(genistin)和山奈酚(kaempferol)的含量先升高后下降,但在36 h时均显著高于黑暗处理。在蓝光光照6和24 h时,大豆芽苗菜下胚轴中苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)与查尔酮异构酶(CHI)活性与对照组相比均显著提高。类黄酮合成途径相关基因PAL、CHS、ANS、IFS的表达量在蓝光处理下均是先升高后下降,而蓝光光受体基因CRY1与CRY2的表达量随着光照时间延长逐渐升高。     

水面蒸发对南水北调江苏段调水效率的影响

为了掌握南水北调东线江苏境内工程输水河道和调蓄湖库水面蒸发损失水量,及其所造成的泵站机组损失功率,了解水面蒸发对工程调水效率的影响,分析比较了适用于工程所在地区的水面蒸发量计算模型和计算公式,计算了工程沿线输水河道和调蓄湖库的水面蒸发量,分析了工程水面蒸发量的时间和空间分布特征.通过积分,计算了水面蒸发造成的各梯级泵站的流量损失和输入功率损失,求解并分析了水面蒸发对整个江苏段工程调水效率的影响.结果表明：工程沿线水面年蒸发量自南向北、西北方向逐渐递增;蒸发量夏季最高,冬季最低;全线平均水面年蒸发量为862.2 mm.洪泽湖、骆马湖、白马湖和输水河道蒸发损失水量分别占总蒸发损失水量的77.7%,13.3%,3.6%和5.4%,蒸发损失水量约占源头泵站抽水量的17.46%,使工程平均调水效率降低10.33%.调水工程可以考虑采用管道输水,从而避免蒸发损失.     

旱地玉米水分高效利用平衡施肥技术的试验研究

通过６年田间试验研究,探讨平衡施肥技术对旱地玉米水分利用的影响。结果表明,在晋东豫西半湿润偏旱区,采用适宜的肥料品种、适宜的肥料用量、适宜的施肥时期以及适宜的施肥培肥方式方法,即采用平衡施肥技术有利于旱地玉米水分利用效率的提高,同时,可培肥土壤、保蓄土壤水分,促进旱地玉米对水分的充分利用     

辽宁东部山地混牧林可控阈值研究

辽东山区的林业和牧业一直是既互相依存又互相矛盾的两个行业，混牧林业的提出为解决这一问题提供了科学的依据。通过4年时间的定位观测及调查研究。对辽宁省混牧林业的现状，存在问题以及发展趋势等进行了系统研究，针对该区域森林生态环境的基本特征。制定出科学、简明、具有可操作性的林牧结合阈值：(1)幼林林分伤害指数临界阈值不能高于50；(2)截取利用牧草生物量(地上部分)50％为最佳值；(3)选择混牧林的坡度应小于30度。A层土容重不应大于1．3g。     

蓝光诱导蛹虫草虫草素含量和分生孢子数的变化

[目的]研究蓝光对蛹虫草菌丝体中虫草素含量和分生孢子量的影响。[方法]以蛹虫草为材料,在不同的蓝光照射时间取样,以检测菌丝体中虫草素的含量,并计数蛹虫草分生孢子的产生量。[结果]蛹虫草受蓝光照射后,其虫草素的产生受到了一定的抑制,同时虫草素含量的变化也有一定的波动性;在相同的时间点,受蓝光照射的蛹虫草分生孢子数量比黑暗时的分生孢子数量要多,同时在一定时间范围内分生孢子数均呈上升趋势。[结论]该研究为系统性的研究蓝光对蛹虫草的影响奠定了基础。     

Seasonal patterns in water uptake for Medicago sativa grown along an elevation gradient with shallow groundwater table in Yanchi county of Ningxia,Northwest China

Lucerne(Medicago sativa L.) is a deep-rooted perennial leguminous forage with high evapo-transpiration rate exceeding the annual precipitation in semi-arid areas of Northwest China.Groundwater might be the potential water sources of lucerne in the area with shallow groundwater table.In this study,stable isotopic compositions of oxygen and hydrogen(δ18O and δD) of different water sources and xylem sap were analyzed to determine the seasonal(April,June,July and August) and topographic(three slope positions) variations in water sources for lucerne growing in Ningxia eastern semi-arid area adjacent to Mu Us Desert characterized by shallow groundwater table.Iso Source software was used to calculate the probable contribution of different water sources to the total plant water uptake.Stomatal conductance,stem water potential,carbon isotope discrimination(?~(13)C) of whole plant were also determined for evaluating the water status of lucerne growing at different slope positions.The results showed that soil water content increased as the elevation decreased.Oxygen compositions of soil water in the 0–40 cm profile fluctuated considerably.Soil water δ~(18)O values in deep profile(3.5 m) were similar to those in groundwater,implying the recharge of groundwater to this soil layer.Highest water utilization rate from deep soil profile(below 350 cm) was recorded for lucerne grown at the slope position 1(groundwater table depth of 3.5–3.9 m) in April,June and July.The lucernes at slope position 2(groundwater table depth of 5.8–6.4 m) and slope position 3(groundwater table depth 7.1–8.3 m) mostly used water from deep soil layers(below 350 cm) during dry period,and turned to use water from superficial soil layer in wet period.Higher yield,?~(13)C value of whole plant and stomatal conductance were observed for lucerne grown at the slope position 1 than those at other slope positions.These results indicated that groundwater is a significant water source for transpiration of lucerne grown in Ningxia semi-arid area with shallow groundwater table where lucerne grassland is suggested to be established so as to obtain better yield performance.