Does matrix resistance influence Red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris L. 1758) distribution in an urban landscape?

In determining isolation effects in fragmented populations, the landscape matrix is not often considered. Usually simple distance measures are used to quantify degree of isolation. We tested the effect of the matrix on the presence of red squirrels in 354 wooded patches in the Brussels Region, by comparing several isolation measures. These were 1) distance to the nearest source patch, 2) the Hanski-measure (a combination of distance to and size of all possible sources), 3) effective distances calculated from different least cost models using the ArcView grid extension ‘Cost Distance’ (a combination of distance and resistance of the landscape, with different resistances for different landscape types) and 4) some combinations of the Hanski-measure and the effective distances. Size and quality of the target patches were always included in the tests of the predictive power of different isolation measures on squirrel presence/absence. All variables examined (patch size, quality and isolation) significantly influenced squirrel presence. Models using the effective distances gave the best results. Models including the Hanski-measure improved significantly when Euclidean distance was replaced by effective distance, showing that parameterisation of matrix resistance added significant additional explanatory power when modelling squirrel presence. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

点云自适应切片方法研究

在反求工程(RE)中,对点云模型进行曲面重构不仅花费大量的时间,而且要求操作人员具有丰富的经验。而对点云切片则可避免曲面重构,直接生成层片文件,输入到快速成型(RP)机进行加工。但是点云切片的一个难题就是如何确定每层切片的厚度以保证切片的形状精度在误差范围内,提出一种基于距离图像的点云自适应切片的新方法,能够获得在给定的形状误差范围内切片层的最大厚度。     

基于对数相似度约束Otsu的自然场景病害果实图像分割

针对自然场景下,由于复杂背景以及多变环境,水果病害果实图像分割难的问题,提出了一种基于对数相似度约束Otsu和水平集活动轮廓的近椭圆形病害果实图像分割方法。考虑背景的复杂多变,提出对数相似度约束Otsu分割来区分病害果实与背景;由于水平集活动轮廓模型的局部最优性,提出采用自适应膨胀系数的改进距离规则水平集活动轮廓模型来精确演化轮廓。先对病害果实区域样本的颜色进行混合高斯建模,获得整个病害果实图像与样本模型的对数相似度;对对数相似度进行约束Otsu阈值分割以及形态学滤波;采用最小二乘法对滤波后的曲线轮廓进行椭圆拟合,对拟合后的椭圆采用自适应膨胀系数的距离规则水平集活动轮廓演化,得到病害果实完整轮廓。对18个不同场景的病害果实进行分割,平均误判率和漏判率分别为1.77%和1.6%,实验结果表明,该方法可以从复杂自然场景图像中分割出病害果实。     

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Two Euschistus spp. Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Southeastern Farmscapes

Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are ubiquitous, cryptic, phytophagous pests that are found in many crops. In agroecosystems, individuals disperse from adjacent noncrop hosts and tend to aggregate or cluster within fields. In this study, we characterized the distribution of Euschistus servus (Say) and Euschistus tristigmus (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) over 2 yr at three southeastern United States farmscapes. Stink bugs were captured in pheromone-baited traps, and Spatial Analysis by Distance Indices (SADIE) used to identify the location of significant aggregations by habitat type and season. Euschistus servus adults were more likely to be captured in pecan orchards, cotton, other crops, or unmanaged habitats than in woodland habitats. Significant aggregations of E. servus were detected in a variety of habitats including pecan, corn, cotton, peanut, and tobacco, as well as fallow and hay fields, pastures, and hedgerows. Fewer adult E. tristigmus were captured than E. servus adults, and E. tristigmus adults were typically trapped and aggregated in woodland habitats. The resulting data provide an important understanding regarding the seasonal movement and relative abundance levels of stink bug populations, which are critical to the development of integrated pest management strategies.     

转TaDREB3基因大豆基因漂流距离及频率的研究

为明确转基因大豆的种植及生态安全性,将导入抗逆基因TaDREB3的转基因大豆T4代播种于大田,周围种植非转基因对照,收获转基因大豆周围不同距离的非转基因大豆种子.经过连续2a的田间及盆栽试验,通过除草剂草丁膦的筛选和分子检测等手段,研究了转TaDREB3基因大豆的基因漂流距离及漂流频率.结果表明:在三叶期整株喷洒75 ...     

离树间距对枣麦间作小麦光合特性及产量的影响

为了解离树间距对枣麦间作小麦光合特性及产量的影响,分析了单作(D0)小麦及距离枣树90cm、110cm、130cm(D1、D2、D3)的间作小麦光合、LAI、分蘖及产量特点。结果表明,在灌浆期D0和D2、D3处理下小麦净光合速率比D1处理分别高13.04%、8.99%、11.73%,D0、D2和D3处理的小麦气孔导度比D1分别高21.43%、9.52%、16.67%,而各处理间蒸腾速率和胞间CO2浓度无明显差异。从拔节期至成熟期,不同处理间的小麦单株茎数、单株分蘖数、LAI和单株干物质积累量存在显著差异,表现为D0D3D2D1。D0和D3处理下小麦穗数、穗粒数、千粒重均显著高于D2和D1;小麦产量表现为D0D3D2D1,D0处理比D1、D2、D3处理分别高25.78%、16.49%和6.70%。枣麦间作下,距离枣树越远,小麦植株光合性状表现越好,产量也较高,因此优化枣麦株行距配置有利于小麦产量的增加。     

不同产地烤烟中性致香物质对比分析

采用GC/MS测定方法对2008年津巴布韦、宣城文昌、宣城新田、宣城寒亭、浏阳、永顺不同香气风格烤烟烟叶中的中性挥发香气物质的含量进行测定,定量分析了28种重要的香味物质,并用Spss13.0对相关数据进行距离分析。结果表明:①不同产地烟叶中28种重要香味成分的总量有一定的差异,从高到低的顺序为:宣城新田>湖南永顺>宣城文昌>湖南浏阳>津巴布韦>宣城寒亭,其中宣城新田比宣城寒亭的高了19.94%。②在所检测出的中性挥发性香气物质中,文昌、新田、津巴布韦香气成分中的巨豆三烯酮2、巨豆三烯酮3、巨豆三烯酮4、苯乙醛、吲哚和5-甲基糠醛等物质的含量均高于其它三地;③经过距离分析发现,文昌、新田的类胡萝卜素类与津巴布韦的较为相似,但是苯丙氨酸类、棕色化产物类、西柏烷类等的相似性较差。     

冀北山地杨桦次生林不同林层的空间结构特征

利用混交度、角尺度、大小比数和开阔比数4个空间结构参数,结合空间结构单元距离尺度,研究了冀北山地杨桦次生林更新层和乔木层（低林层、中林层和上林层）的空间结构特征。结果表明：乔木层和更新层平均混交度分别为0．520、0．228,差异较大,乔木层混交度随林层增加而降低;乔木层和更新层的平均角尺度分别为0．575、0．530,属于聚集分布,乔木层聚集强度随林层增加而降低;乔木层和更新层平均大小比数分别为0．493、0．511,各等级林木分布较均匀;乔木层平均开阔比数为0．713,处于开阔的光环境中;随着林层增加,大小比数呈下降趋势,开阔比数呈增加的趋势,大小比数与开阔比数呈极显著负相关;参照木与4株最近相邻木的平均距离随林层增加呈递增趋势,但大部分相邻木分布在3m以内。     

Allozyme Variation of Picea abies in Poland

The aim of this study was to determine the levels and patterns of allozyme variation among 29 populations of Norway spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst.] from Poland. Thirteen investigated isoenzyme systems were encoded by 27 gene loci and, on average, 71% of the loci per population were polymorphic. The average and effective numbers of alleles per locus were 2.17 and 1.26, respectively, while the expected heterozygosity was 0.156. A relatively low allozyme differentiation among populations from north-eastern and southern Poland was observed ( F ST = 0.028, mean genetic distance D = 0.005). The results suggest that historical events and extensive gene flow played an important role in the distribution of the observed allozyme differentiation of Norway spruce in Poland.     

煤焦油瓷漆防腐管道机械化生产与涂敷质量

煤焦油瓷漆作为良好的管道防腐材料已得到了广泛的使用。在施工作业中，采用人工浇涂的方法，不仅作业时间长，污染环境，而且涂敷质量难以保证，还造成了大量人力，物力，财力的浪费；采用机械化自动涂敷则具有明显的优势。