肉鸡葡萄球菌、链球菌混合感染的鉴定及其诊治

从辽南肉鸡场的病死鸡体内分离到5种不同菌株的病原菌。通过培养特性、菌落形态、染色特性、生化试验等一系列鉴定,确定这5种菌株中有1株为兽疫链球菌、2株为禽链球菌、3株为金黄色葡萄球菌。致病性实验表明2株链球菌呈β溶血,1株呈α溶血,呈α、β溶血的菌株对小白鼠的致病性为100%。将5种菌株单独进行药敏试验时抗生素对这些菌有较好的效果,并且选择药物范围较广。而用混合菌进行药敏试验时药物敏感效果均不显著。临床肉鸡两种菌混合感染时病程轻,则能治愈,重症鸡极少有治愈,需要淘汰,对肉鸡的养殖业造成很大的经济损失。     

鹅鸭疫里默氏杆菌感染的诊断与治疗

2006年5月,海安县某养鹅大户所养肉鹅出现急性死亡。患病鹅的临诊症状、病理变化符合鸭疫里默氏杆菌感染的特点。通过细菌的分离培养获得了1株细菌的纯培养物;涂片染色镜检、血清学试验、动物试验的结果表明所分离的细菌为1型鸭疫里默氏杆菌。选用23种抗生素进行药敏试验,确定所分离的鸭疫里默氏杆菌对羟氨苄青霉素、林可霉素高度敏感,对头孢拉定、头孢氨苄、强力霉素和环丙沙星中度敏感,对其他药物低敏或耐药。选择高敏药物进行治疗,并结合消毒以及紧急免疫接种,有效地控制了疫情的发展和传播。     

Role of pet dogs and cats in the transmission of helminthic zoonoses in Europe, with a focus on echinococcosis and toxocarosis

The close emotional tie between people and companion animals is a beneficial relation known as the human-animal bond. However, pet dogs and cats can play an important role in the transmission of helminthic zoonotic agents such as the tapeworms Echinococcus and the roundworms Toxocara which are directly transmitted from pets to the human environment without the involvement of vectors or intermediate hosts. In humans, echinococcosis has emerged in Europe and toxocarosis is still persisting in large endemic areas despite the availability of highly efficient anthelminthics for dogs and cats. Ecological changes significantly contributed to these trends: the high wild fox populations and the high density of freely roaming dogs and cats maintain a permanent infection pressure of these and other parasites. Further, the establishment of urban recreational environments closer to natural ecological systems boosted vole populations that represent urban reservoirs for zoonotic helminths. A good understanding of the parasites’ biology and epidemiology including the transmission to humans is required for planning and implementing effective prevention strategies. The continuous education of veterinarians and the information of the pet owners by providing uniform recommendations are of priority importance. A close collaboration between veterinary and public health professionals in a ‘One Health’ concept is required.