腐蚀管道剩余寿命的性能衰减模型研究

管道在长期的运行过程中，由于介质和土壤的腐蚀性，管材的微塑性变形、结构转变和渗氢等。不仅会使管道出现各种腐蚀损伤，而且还存在着老化效应和氢化作用，导致管材的脆变并改变材料的塑性，使机械性质参数发生衰退，从管材性能衰减和腐蚀损伤角度研究了管道的剩余寿命，提出了根据结构承载能力的极限值确定塑性变形时工作寿命的方法，为了确定剩余使用寿命，对剪切损伤率和屈服性能比等概念进行定义，在掌握管材金属剪切损害率和屈服性能比的时间特性基础上，建立了剩余寿命计算模型。并给出了算例。     

中国丝绸产业国际竞争力研究

采用显示性竞争优势指数法(CompetitiveAdvantage,CA),结合翔实的数据,对中国丝绸产业的国际竞争力进行较为全面的实证分析,分析结果表明中国的丝绸国际竞争力呈直线下降的趋势。笔者认为影响中国丝绸产业国际竞争力的主要因素为:(1)产品质量与世界先进水平仍然存在着较大的差距;(2)中国的茧丝绸管理体制不适应市场经济的要求,严重的阻碍了中国丝绸国际竞争力的发展;(3)行业法规迟迟不能出台,宏观调控能力乏力;(4)中国的品牌效应在中国仍然没有真正形成;等。笔者还进一步就提高中国丝绸产业的国际竞争力的提出自己的建议:(1)改革和理顺宏观管理体制;(2)加快茧丝绸行业法规制定,加强行业管理的权威性,加大宏观调控的力度;(3)加大中国的科技投入,争取实现各项关键技术的重大突破;(4)进一步巩固“东桑西移”产业布局调整的成果,加快促进产业升级和技术进步;(5)加大对丝绸产品的宣传力度,尽快开发中国的丝绸市场;(6)进一步宣传和实施中国的高档丝绸标志的品牌战略,提高中国丝绸品牌的知名度。     

用简易诊断法检查判断液压系统各元件的工作性能

故障的排除首先在于判断，目前基层维修网点大多数没有检测仪器和设备，出了故障乱拆乱卸，导致液压元件工作失灵，甚至整车液压系统瘫痪。拖拉机液压系统产生故障的主要原因是液压元件工作性能恶化引起的。为此，介绍了在没有检测仪器和设备的条件下，如何应用简易诊断法检查判断各液压元件的工作性能。     

从土地覆盖变化看塔里木河中下游天然草地的退化

通过GIS技术和1990～2000年的TM影像图,分析了塔里木河中下游近10年的土地覆盖动态变化,结果显示:在塔里木河中下游地区,天然草地退化严重,高、中覆盖草地大幅减少,低覆盖草地的数量虽然增加但主要是流域河岸胡杨林群落退化后向荒漠灌丛草地演化的结果;而在自然环境更加恶劣的塔里木河下游地区,随着断流和地下水位的下降,天然草地正在向裸地和沙地演变。通过分析,提出了恢复塔里木河中下游天然草地的治理建议。     

Stereoselective degradation of ethofumesate in turfgrass and soil

The stereoselective degradation of ethofumesate in turfgrasses and several agricultural soils was investigated to provide details of the fate of this chiral herbicide. Racemic ethofumesate was either foliar applied to two species of turfgrass or fortified into four types of agricultural soils. (+)- and (−)-Enantiomers were extracted and analyzed by a validated chiral HPLC method which involved extraction of samples with organic solvent followed by separation on cellulose-Tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)-based chiral column and quantification by UV absorbance at 230 nm. Mean recoveries of each enantiomer fortified at 0.5, 5, and 10 μg g⁻¹ ranged from 82.3 ± 5.84 to 92.5 ± 2.87% in turfgrasses and from 86.0 ± 5.09 to 98.1 ± 2.51% in soil. As a measure of this composition, the enantiomeric ratio (ER) was used, defined as the concentration ratio of (+)/(−)-enantiomer. Similarly, preferential degradation of the (−)-enantiomer was observed in both grass species with the largest ER of about 3 and in one of the test soil with ER = 1.65, resulting in residues enriched with (+)-enantiomer. This stereoselective degradation in this soil led to significant difference on half-lives between the two enantiomers. No stereoselective degradation was observed in other soils.     

Advances in Biodegradation of Aflatoxins

Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. They are one of the contaminants most common in food and feed, with high toxicity and carcinogenicity. Aflatoxins usually enter animal body together with feed and then enter human body by food chain, thereby seriously threatening human health. In recent years, the degradation of aflatoxins has become a hot research topic. This study overviewed the characteristics and detoxification ways of aflatoxins, specifically for the advances in biodegradation and degradation products of aflatoxins.     

An experimental study of charcoal degradation in a boreal forest

Degradation rates of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) under natural environmental conditions are largely unknown. Here we present results from a field experiment monitoring the change in mass, C- and N concentrations of a variety of charcoal types in a Norwegian boreal forest over a period of 20 months. The charcoal types represent different feedstock tree species, production temperature regimes, and placements in the forest, i.e. above ground, in the humus layer or in contact with the mineral subsoil. The types of charcoal had different initial C concentrations mainly depending on their production temperature. Nevertheless, all types of charcoal at all placements in the forest showed an initial drop in their C concentrations, which subsequently rose back to reach near initial values in part of the charcoal types. In part of the charcoal types, N concentrations decreased throughout the experiment, exhibiting considerable variation among feedstock species, production temperature regime, and placements in the forest. C/N ratios rose especially in charcoal made from wood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and charcoal that had been stored in contact with the mineral subsoil showed the most rapid mass gain. Our results confirm the important influence of production temperature and feedstock type on the degradation of charcoal, but they also show that microbial activity and environmental conditions play significant roles in charcoal degradation and thus for the fate of pyrogenic carbon under natural conditions.     

Deciding Method of Capability Vs. Price of Real Estate

The authors determine the index system and the index weight of capability of real estate by applying Delphi method and AHP method, and found the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of capability of real estate. They creates the model of capability Vs. price based on value engineering theory. The authors analysis detailedly deciding method of capability Vs. price of real estate combined with a practice example and application. The method adapts to a house as well as the type of the house. The method resolves the problem which capability Vs. price of real estate was only described by qualitatively for ages, which supplies theory basis to developer and consumer.     

Influence of MUD on the System Capability of CDMA

In CDMA communication system, the relativities between users result in Multiple Access Interference (MAI). With the increase of users, MAI becomes the main jam of broadband CDMA communication system. Multi-User Detection (MUD) is the most important technology of anti-jamming in the broadband CDMA communication system, which can eliminates MAI effectively by using the information of all user signals to detection single. This paper analyze the expression of system capability without MUD and with MUD, and puts forward the way to increase system capability by using MUD. Then the influence of MUD on CDMA system capability is discussed by MATLAB emulation. Basing analysis and emulation, the conclusion is got: the higher the MUD efficiency, the better the improvement of CDMA system capability; under the same MUD efficiency, the lower data rate, the smaller inter-cell interference, the lower the ratio of bit energy to power spectrum, the better the improvement of CDMA system capability.     

大数据运作平台下的植保机作业布局研究

为进一步提升无人植保机应用的合理性与高效性,以大数据运作平台技术为支撑,针对其作业布局展开研究。通过系统分析植保机作业过程与主要控制组件,根据田间飞行作业特点,确定系列核心控制参数,并依据大数据布局内部算法分配规则建立大数据运作模型。同时,考虑各系统模块的数据耦合性,生成大数据运作平台下的植保机作业布局并进行试验,结果表明:在各自占空比一定条件下,喷洒流量在0.3~0.6L/min波动时,所获取的流量误差控制在6.33%~15%;选取关键对比控制参数,较一般作业布局状态而言,基于大数据平台作业布局下的植保机续航能力可提升7.79%,试验效果良好。该布局优化充分提高了植保机的作业效率,可为类似农机系统布局提供改善思路。