圭亚那柱花草苗期抗旱性评价及抗旱种质鉴定

本研究用水培试验方法，分别在15%聚乙二醇6000（Polyethylene glycol，PEG-6000）模拟干旱胁迫5 d和14 d后对93份圭亚那柱花草（Stylosanthes guianensis Sw.）的枯叶率、相对叶绿素含量、相对含水量、净光合速率、气孔导度及蒸腾速率进行测定，运用相关性分析、主成分分析、隶属函数法等方法对圭亚那柱花草种质进行抗旱性综合评价并筛选抗旱种质。隶属函数抗旱能力排序表明，在处理的第5 d，71（CIAT10598），73（CIAT10347），72[Wangtingbiao（Qi）]，74（Graham），32（TPRC2001-54），39（TPRC2001-26），33[GC1480（IRRI）]和37（TPRC2001-14）等8份材料抗旱性最差，表现为干旱敏感材料；在处理的第14 d，91（TPRC2001-83），82（Nan02145），19（CIAT11362），59（Endeavour），67（Reyan No.2），80（CIAT87830），55（TPRC90033），45（TPRC L2），27（TPRC2001-68），5（TPRC2001-85），23（TPRC2001-20）和50[TPRC90005（1）]等12份材料表现出较强抗旱能力。根据隶属函数排名选取部分材料进行土壤条件下抗旱性验证，结果表明59（Endeavour）和23（TPRC2001-20）的抗旱性明显优于其它材料。本试验可为柱花草抗旱育种提供理论依据。     

Evaluation of normal appearing spinal cord by diffusion tensor imaging,fiber tracking,fractional anisotropy,and apparent diffusion coefficient measurement in 13 dogs

Background

Functional magnetic resonance (fMR) imaging offers plenty of new opportunities in the diagnosis of central nervous system diseases. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a technique sensitive to the random motion of water providing information about tissue architecture. We applied DTI to normal appearing spinal cords of 13 dogs of different breeds and body weights in a 3.0 T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner. The aim was to study fiber tracking (FT) patterns by tractography and the variations of the fractional anisotropy (FA) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) observed in the spinal cords of dogs with different sizes and at different locations (cervical and thoracolumbar). For that reason we added a DTI sequence to the standard clinical MR protocol. The values of FA and ADC were calculated by means of three regions of interest defined on the cervical or the thoracolumbar spinal cord (ROI 1, 2, and 3).

Results

The shape of the spinal cord fiber tracts was well illustrated following tractography and the exiting nerve roots could be differentiated from the spinal cord fiber tracts. Routine MR scanning times were extended for 8 to 12 min, depending on the size of the field of view (FOV), the slice thickness, and the size of the interslice gaps. In small breed dogs (< 15 kg body weight) the fibers could be tracked over a length of approximately 10 vertebral bodies with scanning times of about 8 min, whereas in large breed dogs (> 25 kg body weight) the traceable fiber length was about 5 vertebral bodies which took 10 to 12 min scanning time. FA and ADC values showed mean values of 0.447 (FA), and 0.560 × 10^-3 mm²/s (ADC), respectively without any differences detected with regard to different dog sizes and spinal cord 45 segments examined.

Conclusion

FT is suitable for the graphical depiction of the canine spinal cord and the exiting nerve roots. The FA and ADC values offer an objective measure for evaluation of the spinal cord fiber integrity in dogs.     

THE USE OF DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING TO EVALUATE THE SPINAL CORD IN NORMAL AND ABNORMAL DOGS

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a specialized magnetic resonance sequence to determine the direction of water molecule motion. Our hypothesis was that information derived from DTI will be significantly different in dogs with a spinal cord lesion compared with a normal dog. Eleven normal dogs and six dogs with a spinal cord lesions were imaged. DTI was performed along with standard T1‐ and T2‐weighted sequences in transverse and sagittal planes. Fractional anisotrophy and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were obtained using regions of interests centered on the cranial aspect, middle cranial, middle caudal, and caudal aspects of the spinal cord. In normal dogs, the DTI sequence was characterized by normal fiber tracking with no statistical difference between the four sections of spinal cord (P>0.05). In the dogs with a spinal cord lesion, there was a significant difference in fractional anisotropy between the two groups (P=0.0003) and the ADC analysis statistical significance (P=0.048) at the caudal most site. Based on these findings, DTI is a potentially useful method to evaluate the spinal cord in dogs.     

脑卒中后椎体束华勒变性的功能磁共振研究

目的应用扩散张量与磁共振波谱技术,对急性脑卒中患者进行分析,探讨其反映患者病情变化的价值.方法取一侧脑卒中患者26例,健康志愿者30例.在常规扫描后再进行DTI,MRS扫描,采用NIHSS和BI评分评价患者功能,并定期复查.分析患者梗死病灶、大脑脚ADC值、FA值及MRS的代谢产物数值变化.结果 1）病灶FA值低于正常值,与NIHSS呈正相关,与BI呈负相关.脑干FA值减小,提示神经纤维出现华勒变性;2）病灶NAA下降,低于正常侧,P〈0.01;病灶侧Cr,Cho较正常侧改变不明显,P〉0.05;大脑脚NAA 1个月后降低.结论对脑卒中患者进行DTI与MRS扫描,能较早反映患者病情严重程度,还能判断预后,并指导临床康复治疗.