安昭牛和昭通牛育肥效果比较研究

为比较安格斯牛和昭通牛的杂交效果,进行了安昭牛F1代和昭通牛的短期育肥研究.结果表明:安昭牛和昭通牛平均日增重、屠宰率、净肉率、眼肌面积分别为1.179 kg、53.72%、45.11%、86.35 cm2和0.849 kg、48.83%、39.84%、55.65 cm2,安昭牛均极显著高于昭通牛(P＜0.01),胴体脂肪覆盖率分别为82.98%和69.98%,安昭牛优于昭通牛(P＜0.05);而安昭牛肉蛋白质含量20.6%,极显著低于昭通牛的23.65%(P＜0.01),脂肪含量26.3%显著高于昭通牛的7.85%(P＜0.05),总氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量分别为86.43 mg/100mg、83.06 mg/100mg和38.47 mg/100mg、36.38 mg/100mg,安昭牛亦极显著(P＜0.01)和显著(P＜0.05)高于昭通牛.     

湖北白猪及其杂交后代H-FABP基因型与相关性状关系研究

 【目的】对湖北白猪及其杂交后代H-FABP基因多态性以及与生产性状的相关进行分析,为在湖北白猪优质系培育过程中进行分子标记辅助育种提供理论基础。【方法】采用PCR-RFLP（HinfⅠ、HaeⅢ、MspⅠ）方法分析湖北白猪及其杂交后代共计282头猪的H-FABP基因5′-上游区域和第二内含子遗传多态性,利用最小二乘模型分析杂交后代H-FABP基因型对相关生产性能的影响。【结果】湖北白猪在HinfⅠ-RFLP位点表现为单态,在HaeⅢ- RFLP和MspⅠ-RFLP位点上呈现多态,杂交一代、杂交二代在三个酶切位点均呈现出多态;湖北白猪在HinfⅠ-RFLP、HaeⅢ-RFLP位点均表现为低度多态,在MspⅠ-RFLP位点表现为中度多态,其杂交一代、杂交二代均表现为中度多态;不同基因型对IMF（Intramuscular fat,肌内脂肪）含量的影响,HH＞Hh＞hh,dd＞Dd＞DD,aa＞Aa＞AA,dd 基因型IMF含量显著高于DD、Dd基因型（P＜0.05）,aa、Aa基因型IMF含量极显著高于AA型（P＜0.01）。HH基因型20日龄重显著高于hh基因型（P＜0.05）。其它生产性能在不同基因型间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。【结论】在选育群体中可以通过选择H-FABP的优势基因型（aa- dd- HH）提高IMF含量而不影响其它生产性状。     

Impact of dominance effects on sow longevity

The purpose of the current study was to estimate variance components, especially dominance genetic variation, for overall leg action, length of productive life and sow stayability until third and fifth parity in the Finnish pig populations. The variance components were estimated in two purebred [Landrace (LR), n = 23 602 and Large White (LW), n =22 984] and crossbred (LR × LW, n = 17 440) data sets. Five different analyses were carried out for all the traits to compare the effect of sows’ inbreeding, common litter environment and parental dominance in the statistical model when determining the genetic correlations of the traits for the two purebred and crossbred populations. Estimated heritabilities for the traits ranged from 0.04 to 0.06. The estimates for the proportion of dominance variance of phenotypic variance (d²) varied between 0.01 and 0.17, and was highest in the crossbred dataset. The genetic correlations of the same traits in purebred and crossbred were all high (>0.75). Based on current results, the effect of dominance should be accounted for in the breeding value estimation of sow longevity, especially when data from crossbred animals are included in the analyses. Because dominance genetic variation for sow longevity exists that variation should be utilized through planned matings in producing sows for commercial production.     

德本F1蓝本F1牛适应性分析研究

研究了德国黄牛和比利时蓝牛的杂种后代德本F1、蓝本F1牛在甘肃省陇东地区肉牛带的适应性能，主要包括生长发育、增重、抗病性和繁殖性能等因素。结果表明德本F1、蓝本F1牛在试验期内（0～12月龄）的各项指标均优于本地牛，对当地饲养条件和环境条件表现出了良好的适应能力，可以在当地推广应用。     

晋大62×诱处4号杂交后代群体遗传多样性分析

选用晋大62×诱处4号杂交亲本和后代群体为试验材料,通过微卫星(SSR)标记分析,利用SPSS软件对其进行了聚类分析,探讨了亲本及后代群体间的遗传特性和亲缘关系,研究了大豆群体的遗传多样性,为大豆杂交育种亲本的选配、杂交后代的筛选、种质创新及大豆遗传多样性研究提供了理论和实践依据。结果表明,以亲本的基因组DNA为模板,选用40对不同的引物进行电泳共筛选出23对位于多条染色体上的差异引物,其多态性比例为55.0%。通过聚类分析所有材料可聚类为以下几类:母本晋大62(CK1)和后代6~13号材料聚为第一大类,父本诱处4号(CK2)和后代25~31号材料聚为第二大类,而1~5、14~20聚为第一小类,21~24、32~35聚为第二小类,这两小类材料与亲本的亲缘关系较远。     

吉林省本地鹅和杂交鹅的产肉性能及胴体分割的研究

:随机选择刚出生的本地鹅雏和杂交鹅雏各 130只 ,采用放牧加补饲的方式育肥至 6 3日龄 ,进行屠宰测定。结果本地鹅平均活重 32 87 50g ,胴体重 2 854 10g ,半净膛率 80 18% ,全净膛率 73 76 % ,头重 12 9 3g ,颈重 2 4 3 2g ,翅重 157 6g ;杂交鹅平均活重 3482 6 9g ,胴体重 2 96 1 92g ,半净膛率 78 6 3% ,全净膛率 72 6 % ,头重 136 2g ,颈重 2 57 5g ,翅重 16 6 2g。表明该方式育肥效果显著 ,且杂交鹅优于本地鹅。通过与全放牧方式育肥的同龄本地鹅对比 ,说明品种、性别、育肥方式对育肥效果均有影响     

西门塔尔杂交黄牛奶品质研究

采集西门塔尔牛与当地黄牛级进三代杂交成母牛乳样30头份，测定分析了乳中常规理化指标、氨基酸、游离氨基酸和脂肪酸含量。与荷斯坦牛乳成分特性比较F3杂交牛牛乳的乳脂、蛋白质、粗灰分和非脂乳固体含量显著提高，乳糖和棕榈酸含量显著降低，其他指标和参数F3杂交牛牛乳与荷斯坦牛乳基本一致。     

短花针茅草原上放牧强度对绵羊生产性能的影响

1985～1989年在内蒙古农牧学院哈雅教学牧场选用杂种羯羊在短花针茅草原上进行放牧强度试验，分析各处理对绵羊生产性能的影响，旨在探讨放牧强度与绵羊生产之间的关系，确定适宜的载畜率。研究结果表明，轻度放牧的绵羊体重显著高于中度和重度放牧（P＜0．01）；放牧期间轻度放牧绵羊的总增重量显著高于重度放牧（P＜0．01），各处理间绵羊掉源量无明显差异（P＞0．05）；轻度放牧绵羊净毛量显著高于中度和重度放牧（P＜0．01），而两者之间净毛量无显著差异（P＞0．05）；经济效益分析表明，载畜率为1．07ha／只·年的中度放牧是最为经济合理的放牧强度。     

Monthly variation of fertility and oestrus frequency in crossbred dual-purpose cows in three agroecological areas of the South American tropics

The aim of this study was to examine the monthly variation of the first service conception (FSC) and oestrus frequency (OF) from 8308 artificial inseminations (AI) of 2960 crossbred dual-purpose cows on three commercial farms with improved management located in the Maracaibo Lake Basin, Venezuela. The effects of month of the year, agroecological area (from dry tropical forest to sub-humid tropical forest on the three farms), predominant breed (BT, Bos taurus; BI, Bos indicus), and season (December–April}; May–August; and September–November) were considered. Data were analysed using logistic regression (FSC) and GLM (OF) from SAS. The mean FSC was 55.4% overall and 48.7%, 57.0% and 58.3% for farms A, B and C, respectively (p < 0.01). Within the three agroecological areas (farms A, B and C), the FSC was highest during the cooler and drier months of the year (season 1), while the lowest FSC was obtained during the months of highest rainfall and humidity (season 3) (53.3% vs 37.4%; 58.5% vs 49.0% and 63.0% vs 52.3% on farms A, B, C, respectively; p < 0.01). In the three studied farms, OF was higher during the first 4 months of the year; with a diminishing trend towards the end of the year (p % 0.05). In general, BI cows had a higher FSC than BT cows, especially during the second half of the year, when environmental conditions were characterized by higher rainfall and humidity with lower wind velocity (58.8%^a 55.5%^b and 46.4%^c in season 1, 2 and 3 respectively; ^{a, b, c} p < 0.01).     

利用关岭牛及其杂交牛生产雪花牛肉的试验研究

选择8～10月龄的关岭牛、西×关杂交牛（西门塔尔牛♂×关岭牛♀）、安×关杂交牛（红安格斯牛♂×关岭牛♀）、利×关杂交牛（利木赞牛♂×关岭牛♀）各8头，进行育肥生产雪花牛肉的试验研究。结果表明：在同一饲养管理条件下，西×关杂的宰前活重、屠宰率、净肉率、肉骨比值、眼肌面积、高档肉块重最高，依次为利×关杂、安×关杂、关岭牛；西×关杂组、利×关杂组、安×关杂组的宰前活重、眼肌面积和高档肉块重差异不显著（P〉0．05），但均显著高于关岭牛组（P〈0．01）；关岭牛组和安X关杂组的肌内雪花状脂肪含量均为3级，优于西×关杂组和利×关杂组；综合评价关岭牛组和安×关杂组的胴体等级均为3A级，西×关杂和利×关杂的胴体等级均为2A级。结果显示，关岭牛虽然产肉性能不高，但机体内并不缺少优秀的遗传基因，具备选育成优质高产肉牛品种的种质基础。