2005年兴凯湖中俄湿地鹤类调查

兴凯湖是亚太地区水鸟重要的迁飞区和栖息地，在鹤类保护中占有特殊的地位。2005年中俄在春、夏、秋三个季节开展了兴甄湖鹤类资源联合调查。调查总面积达3255km^2。共记录到鹤类3346只，其中丹顶鹤799只，白枕鹤2523只，白头鹤14只，蓑羽鹤3只，白鹤7只。还对兴凯湖流域鹤类生存环境及其影响因素进行了分析，提出了该区域鹤类保护的建议。     

Distribution of cranes in Hulunber Grassland and Daxing'an Mountains Forest Region in Inner Mongolia

lntroductionAnimaIResearchlnstituteoftheChineseAcademyofSciences.ForestProgramInstituteofDaxing'anMountain,InnerMongoliaUniversity,lnnerMongoIiaFarmingandAnimalHusbandryCoIlege,NortheastForestryUniversity,etc.haveconductedaseriesofinvestigationandstudiesonthefauna,popuIationofeconomic-valuedspeciesandmousepestcontrolinlnnerMongoIianD..i.gi..MountainsForestsandHulunberGrassIand.AfewmonographsandpapersonitwerepubIished.Butspecificstudiesandthor-Oughinvestigationhavenotbeendoneoncran…     

中国动物园圈养鹤类现状调查及分析

报道了中国动物园协会主要饲养鹤类会员单位的鹤类调查结果,目的是更好地了解中国动物园圈养鹤类的种群数量及目前会员单位鹤类饲养管理的现状、存在的问题与相关需求,从而提高鹤类饲养管理水平,最终形成健康的、可持续发展的种群。本调查于2011年8月向中国动物园协会120家会员单位发出了调查问卷,截止到2011年10月11日共收到中国动物园协会主要饲养鹤类的56家会员单位(包括动物园、野生动物园与自然保护区)的回复(回收率为46.7%)。在回复的56家单位中共饲养鹤类12种1 836只(8只杂交鹤除外)。种群数量比1997年增加了58.4%。近一半的单位认为饲养设施处于一般水平。近80%的鹤类向游客展出,并且大部分都采用成群饲养的展出方式。有85%的单位能够实现个体识别,更多的单位选择脚环和芯片标识鹤类。在人工育雏过程中,雏鹤的腿病和由于混养引起打斗而造成的外伤是存在的主要问题。疾病是造成全国圈养鹤类死亡的主要原因,其次是由于外伤造成骨折引起的死亡。各会员单位希望今后能够开展鹤类性别鉴定、人工育雏、人工授精的培训。根据本次调查结果,提出了8项建议。     

Protein electrophoresis in cranes with presumed insect bite

BACKGROUND: Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) has emerged as a potentially valuable diagnostic tool in avian medicine; yet, there is limited information regarding SPE in cranes. Since 2000, 20 cases of unilateral periocular or facial soft tissue swelling, blepharitis, feather loss, and ocular or nasal discharge attributed to insect bite hypersensitivity were observed in cranes from a captive breeding center. SPE may be useful for evaluating these lesions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize the inflammatory response in cranes with hypersensitivity reactions using SPE. METHODS: Serum samples from 7 cranes diagnosed with hypersensitivity reactions were submitted to a diagnostic laboratory for agarose gel electrophoresis. Results were compared to those in control serum samples obtained from the same cranes during routine physical examination, when they were clinically healthy. RESULTS: Total protein and a- and g-globulin concentrations were significantly increased and albumin/globulin ratios were significantly decreased in serum samples from cranes with hypersensitivity lesions compared with control samples. CONCLUSIONS: Using SPE, we documented changes in protein fraction concentrations in cranes with clinical signs of hypersensitivity. The increase in alpha- and gamma-globulin concentrations suggested inflammation and antigenic stimulation, consistent with a Type I hypersensitivity reaction.     

Distribution of cranes in Hulunber Grassland and Daxing’an mountains forest region in inner Mongolia

The Daxing’an Mountains and Hulunber Grassland are located in the northeastern border area of China. This region covers a large area of rich biodiversity. The natural environment here is well protected because of low pressure of human activity. There are 5 species of cranes here. They are Red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis), White-napped crane (Grus vipio), Siberian White crane (Grus leucogeranus), Grey crane (Grus lifordi) and Demoiselle crane (Anthropoides virgo). Red-crowned crane is a breeding species that is widely distributed in this area. The main breeding population of this species is in Heilongjiang Province. They migrate to the south of China in winter. White-napped crane, Grey crane, Demoiselle crane are also summer birds. It remains unknown if Siberian White crane breeds here. Since the population of Red-crowned crane, White-napped crane, Siberian White crane in China are at the edge of endangering, so they are listed in the namelist of national protected species. But Grey crane, Demoiselle crane have a larger population, and are widely distributed. (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

1999年春鄱阳湖鹤类和大型水禽航空调查报告

通过调查,基本查清鹤类和大型水禽在鄱阳湖的越冬分布状况及栖息地生境特征。     

再谈起重机机构载物运动质量惯性力矩的计算

本文阐述的动能定理是计算起重机四大机构载物运动质量折算到某轴上的飞轮矩及其相应的惯性力矩最基本的通用方法,而对起升、运行和旋转机构来说,更为简便地是采用计算惯性力矩等效性的方法。     

Bird collisions with power lines: Failing to see the way ahead?

Visual fields were determined in three bird species representative of families known to be subject to high levels of mortality associated with power lines; kori bustards Ardeotis kori, Otididae, blue cranes Anthropoides paradisea, Gruidae and white storks Ciconia ciconia, Ciconiidae. In all species the frontal visual fields showed narrow and vertically long binocular fields typical of birds that take food items directly in the bill under visual guidance. However, these species differed markedly in the vertical extent of their binocular fields and in the extent of the blind areas which project above and below the binocular fields in the forward facing hemisphere. The importance of these blind areas is that when in flight, head movements in the vertical plane (pitching the head to look downwards) will render the bird blind in the direction of travel. Such movements may frequently occur when birds are scanning below them (for foraging or roost sites, or for conspecifics). In bustards and cranes pitch movements of only 25° and 35° respectively are sufficient to render the birds blind in the direction of travel; in storks head movements of 55° are necessary. That flying birds can render themselves blind in the direction of travel has not been previously recognised and has important implications for the effective mitigation of collisions with human artefacts including wind turbines and power lines. These findings have applicability to species outside of these families especially raptors (Accipitridae) which are known to have small binocular fields and large blind areas similar to those of bustards and cranes, and are also known to be vulnerable to power line collisions.     

2001—2006年黄河三角洲鹤类生境选择分析

把鹤类及其生境作为整体研究对象,利用Vanderploeg选择系数评估鹤对生境的选择性,利用Neu方法通过可获得性系数与可利用性系数比较评估鹤对生境类型的偏好,研究了2001—2006年黄河三角洲鹤类与生境的对应关系。结果表明:芦苇沼泽是鹤类偏好性选择的生境,为白头鹤、白枕鹤、灰鹤优先选择的生境。潮间带是鹤类回避性选择生境,为白鹤和丹顶鹤优先选择的生境。河道、养殖池、农田和草地4类生境受人为活动的影响较重,鹤类利用较低,年度间利用情况变化大。当生境类型发生改变时,鹤类会自主选择更为适宜的生境并导致对其它生境的选择性改变。     

扎龙湿地恢复初期丹顶鹤孵化期觅食生境选择

2002—2005年3—5月,在扎龙国家级自然保护区通过定点观察法、样方法、因子测定法等对丹顶鹤孵化期的觅食生境选择进行了研究,旨在为积累濒危鸟类繁殖生态学的基础资料。研究结果表明:孵化期丹顶鹤对觅食生境的选择具有特异性和非随机性,警戒因子、食物保障因子和生境类型是其觅食生境选择的主要因子。