三种暖季型草坪草在干旱条件下脯氨酸含量和抗氧化酶活性的变化

 测定了土壤干旱条件下矮生狗牙根、沟叶结缕草和地毯草相对含水量和相对电导率的变化。结果表明，矮生狗牙根的耐旱性较强，沟叶结缕草次之，而地毯草对干旱敏感。干旱胁迫下，地毯草积累脯氨酸最多，沟叶结缕草次之，矮生狗牙根最少，草坪草的脯氨酸的积累与耐旱性呈负相关。地毯草超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性持续升高，过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在短暂升高后降低，过氧化物酶(POD)活性降低；矮生狗牙根和沟叶结缕草的SOD活性先升后降，CAT和POD活性则维持较高水平，表明草坪草的耐旱性与抗氧化酶活性有关。     

Horse Preference,Forage Yield,and Species Persistence of 12 Perennial Cool-Season Grass Mixtures Under Horse Grazing

Cool-season grass mixtures are rarely evaluated for preference, yield, and persistence under horse grazing. The objectives of this research were to evaluate horse preference, forage yield, and persistence of cool-season grass mixtures under horse grazing. Eight commercially marketed and four experimental perennial cool-season grass mixtures were planted in 2009 in a randomized complete block with five replicates and grazed by four adult horses during 2010, 2011, and 2012. All mixtures contained four to six cool-season perennial grass species. Specie density measurements were taken in each spring and fall, and yield was mechanically measured before each grazing period. After grazing, preference was determined by visually assessing percentage of forage removal on a scale of 0 (no grazing) to 100 (100% of vegetation removed). Data were analyzed using a mixed-model analysis of variance and liner regression. Horses preferred mixtures containing tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and timothy (P < .001). Horses had less preference for mixtures containing ≥30% orchardgrass (P < .001). Mixtures had similar (P = .11) forage yields that ranged from 6,100 to 7,082 kg ha⁻¹. After 2 years of grazing, orchardgrass and tall fescue increased; Kentucky bluegrass remained stable; and festulolium, meadow fescue, and perennial ryegrass had the greatest rate of decline in mixtures. Orchardgrass became the dominate species, regardless of initial percentage in the mixture. Mixtures containing tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and timothy should be planted in midwestern US horse pastures; however, mixtures will likely transition to tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass–dominated pastures.     

草坪草转基因研究进展

随着草坪业的快速发展,草坪草遗传转化工作越来越受到人们的关注.目前,草坪草主要品种均已建立了遗传转化体系.本文针对抗逆基因工程的研究进展,概述了草坪草转基因的常用方法、转基因目标、转基因植株的主要检测方法和步骤.分析了草坪草转基因面临的主要问题,并对未来发展趋势提出建议.     

冷地型鸭茅营养动态的研究

本文对日本引入的９个冷地型鸭茅品种的营养动态进行了研究。其结果表明，９个鸭茅品种的粗蛋白质含量随生育期的进展逐渐下降，以抽穗期下降的速度为快；而粗纤维的含量变化恰好相反，随生育期的推移而逐渐增加，抽穗期的粗纤维含量明显增高；粗灰分的含量变化亦呈下降趋势，但下降幅度不大。鸭茅营养物质变化的转折点是在抽穗期     

遮阴对成坪期草地早熟禾和紫羊茅生长特性的影响

以冷季型草坪草草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)的优异(Merit)、新哥来德(Nu Glade)、肯塔基(K.B.G)3个品种和紫羊茅(Festuca rubra)的两个品种宝瑞(Boreal)、梦神(rubra),共5个品种草坪草为研究对象,在人工遮阴控制下,对其成坪期耐阴性进行了比较。试验设置的遮阴处理分别是遮阴度22%、45%、66%、83%,以不遮阴的全光照为对照(CK)。结果表明,成坪期,随着遮阴度的提高,株高先增加后降低,各品种株高值达到最高时的遮阴度有差异,草地早熟禾在遮阴度为83%时均显著低于其他处理(P0.05);宝瑞在遮阴度为22%时根长极显著高于对照(P0.01),其他品种随着遮阴度的提高根长变短;遮阴使各品种的比叶重降低;遮阴度45%以上时,叶宽都显著小于对照(P0.05);随着遮阴度提高草地早熟禾枝条干重下降,紫羊茅先增加后降低。     

Interaction of Grazing Muzzle Use and Grass Species on Forage Intake of Horses

The impact of horse preference and grass morphology on grazing muzzle effectiveness has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of grazing muzzle use at reducing forage intake when horses grazed grasses with different morphology and preferences. The study was conducted in 2012 and 2013. Four horses were grazed in 2012, and three horses were grazed in 2013. Four species of perennial cool-season grasses were grazed in 2012 including Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), meadow fescue (Schedonorus pratensis Huds.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.). In 2013, only Kentucky bluegrass and reed canarygrass were grazed because of winter kill of other species. Horses were allowed to graze a small pasture seeded with an individual species for 4 hours each day in June and August of 2012 and August and September of 2013. Horses grazed the same grass species for two consecutive days, one day with a muzzle and one day without. Before and after each grazing, a strip was mechanically harvested to determine initial and residual herbage mass. The difference was used to estimate forage intake. The effectiveness of a grazing muzzle was not affected by forage species (P ≥ .05). Use of a grazing muzzle decreased the amount of forage consumed by an average of 30% compared with not using a grazing muzzle (P < .0001). Results will aid horse owners and professionals in estimating forage intake of muzzled horses on pasture.     

成都市府南河工程草坪建植与管理的研究

成都市府南河改造工程是以环保绿化为中心的全面市政改造工程，绿地以草坪为主。根据成都的自然条件和对草坪的质量要求，选择改良的高羊茅（ＦｅｓｔｕｃａａｒｕｎｄｉｎａｃｅａＳｃｈｒｅｂ．）为建群种，草地早熟禾（ＰｏａｐｒａｔｅｎｓｉｓＬ．）为伴生种，混播建植。注重修剪、除杂、防病虫、施肥等日常管理，并提出了加强管理的几点建议。     

不同PEG-6000浓度处理下几种冷季型草坪草抗旱性比较研究

研究了3种冷季型草坪草的6个品种在PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫条件下的生长表现和生理指标。结果表明：高羊茅的“家园”品种在干旱胁迫条件下具有较好的生长表现、在土壤中的根系分布最深、且能维持较高过氧化氢酶活性，表明其与其他供试品种相比具有较强的抗旱能力。     

二种冷季型草坪草对土壤干旱胁迫的生理反应

采用单因素设计对土壤持续干旱胁迫下多年生黑麦草、匍匐剪股颖的生理反应进行了研究.结果表明：随着干旱胁迫加剧,两种草坪草的草坪质量（TQ）、叶片相对含水量（RWC）呈降低趋势,叶片质膜相对透性（RPP）、脯氨酸（Pro.）含量呈增加趋势,叶绿素（Chl.）含量先增后减.经相关关系分析,两种草坪草的RWC、RPP、Pro.含量均与土壤含水量极显著相关,而在干旱胁迫的前期,Chl.含量与土壤含水量相关;Pro含量与RWC、RPP也极显著相关.     

加热保温技术对冬季草坪草生长影响的研究

 冬季对北方运动场草坪进行了加热保温技术处理。结果表明,在严寒的冬季（12月至翌年2月）各处理可以使草坪地表温度提高6～9 ℃,草坪草光合速率可以保持在14 CO₂ mg／(dm²·h)以上,增温保绿效果极其显著(P<0.01),各处理的色泽均达到3级以上,草坪不结冻,保持青绿,可以满足每月进行1～2次足球比赛的要求。单一覆膜处理经济有效,简单易行,投资后的使用成本仅为4.90元/m²,应是北方运动场草坪冬季加热保温技术中的首选方法。水加热（太阳能）+覆膜技术处理虽增温保绿效果好,但投资后的使用成本较高,为14.69元/m²;电加热+覆膜处理投资后的使用成本为8.97元/m².