鸡结膜结合淋巴组织（CALT）对新城疫疫苗点眼免疫应答

１８０只１日龄公雏平均分成Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三组。Ａ组于１日龄手术切除下眼睑结膜。Ａ、Ｂ两组于１０日龄和２０日龄用鸡新城疫Ⅱ系（ＮＤⅡ）弱毒疫苗点眼首免和二免，Ｃ组为对照组。定期收集泪液、血清、ＣＡＬＴ和哈德氏腺，比较观察其抗体ＨＩ效价消长规律与免疫组织细胞变化特点。结果，Ｃ组非免鸡泪液ＨＩ效价比血清ＨＩ效价稍低，１０至３４日龄均呈直线下降，３４至４８日龄维持在极低的水平上（１．２￣２Ｌｏｇ２）。Ｂ组点眼     

Fungal Flora of Normal Eyes in Healthy Newborn Foals Living in the Same Stud Farm in Italy

The aim of this study was to assess the presence of fungal flora in conjunctiva of newborn foals revealed by means of repeated culture examinations and to compare prevalences in foals and their mares. Fifty-four healthy foals and their mothers were used. Ocular samples were collected from foals immediately after parturition (D0), and at days 2 (D2), 7 (D7), 14 (D14), and 28 (D28), and at D0 from mares. Samples were seeded onto Sabouroud dextrose agar and malt extract agar, incubated at 25°C and examined daily over a 10-day period. Twenty-two of 54 foals were positive for conjunctival fungi at D0, 13 of 54 at D2, 16 of 54 at D7, 19 of 54 at D14, and 13 of 54 at D28. The most frequently isolated fungi were Penicillium species and Aspergillus versicolor. Colony-forming units ranged from 1 to 5. One of 54 foals yielded the same fungus more than two times consecutively; 23 of 54 mares were positive for conjunctival fungi, and the most frequently recovered were Penicillium species, Aspergillus species, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Significant differences among prevalences, both at different sampling times in foals, and between mares and foals at D0, were not observed. A fungal contamination of conjunctival fornix in foals at birth and during their first month of life was reported. Fungal isolation in foals at D0 might be explained by the presence of fungal contamination within mares' genitalia, whereas positive cultures during the first month of life probably represent transient seeding from the environment. Only once was the same fungus isolated from the same foal more than two times consecutively.     

Neospora caninum tachyzoites inoculated by the conjunctival route are not vertically transmitted in pregnant cattle: A descriptive study

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Neospora caninum tachyzoites (Nc-1) inoculated by the conjunctival route in pregnant cows were able to generate infection in their fetuses. Group 1 contained 2 naturally infected cows; group 2 contained two cows inoculated intravenously with 2.5 × 10⁸ tachyzoites, group 3 contained two cows inoculated with 2.5 × 10⁸ tachyzoites by the conjunctival route, and group 4 contained two uninfected control cows. The four inoculated cows from groups 2 and 3 were challenged at 23 weeks of gestation. An indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), recombinant NcGRA7-based ELISA, ELISA for IgG subisotypes and Western blot analysis were assessed to characterize the humoral immune response in dams. Sera from their fetuses were tested also using Western blot analysis. Routine microscopic evaluation of H&E stained fetal tissues was made and any fetal tissues and placentas with lesions compatible with Neospora-infection were processed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). DNA extraction from fresh and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded fetal tissues were tested by nested PCR. All dams from groups 1, 2 and 3 were seropositive by IFAT, rNcGRA7-based-ELISA and Western blot. IgG₁/IgG₂ ratios were ≤1 at weeks 27 and 29 of gestation. Only fetuses from groups 1 and 2 developed N. caninum specific antibodies by Western blot. Histopathological lesions compatible with those caused by N. caninum were observed in fetuses from groups 1 and 2. N. caninum cysts and tachyzoites were observed by IHC on fetal tissues from groups 1 and 2. Only fetal samples from group 2 were positive by PCR. Further work is needed not only to characterize the cellular immune response but also to clarify the consequences on the dam after conjunctival inoculation of N. caninum tachyzoites. This study shows that N. caninum tachyzoites inoculated by the conjunctival route were not vertically transmitted in pregnant cows.     

切除结膜结合淋巴组织鸡对新城疫疫苗的免疫反应Ⅰ.局部与循环抗体检测

实验将 60只 1日龄健康雏鸡随机分为A、B、C 3组。A组为CALT缺失组 ,B组为免疫组 ,C组为非免疫对照组。A组于 1日龄手术切除下眼睑结膜 ,A、B两组于 1 2日龄结扎鼻泪管后进行点眼免疫接种新城疫克隆 30疫苗。2 3日龄时 ,收集A、B、C各实验组鸡的血清和泪液 ,做红细胞凝集抑制试验 (HI试验 )、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)。比较观察各实验组雏鸡血清和泪液抗体HI效价与IgA、IgG、IgM含量的变化特点。结果 ,1日龄手术切除下眼睑结膜后造成鸡CALT缺失 ,CALT缺失鸡点眼免疫后 ,泪液抗体HI效价与IgA、IgG、IgM含量比免疫组雏鸡低。但对雏鸡的抗体生成的规律并不产影响。故实验证实了CALT对眼区局部抗体的产生及其种类有重要的调控作用 ,协同哈氏腺完成局部免疫的功能