关于破解蚕茧交易“瓶颈”的探索

文章介绍了我国茧丝绸产业发展的现状,分析了建立蚕茧生丝拍卖交易平台的必要性和蚕茧拍卖交易的可行性,提出了构建中介拍卖平台,建立公平交易制度,提高茧丝绸产业发展的市场化程度,是破解蚕茧交易"瓶颈",促进产业发展与国际市场接轨的必由之路。     

蚕茧价格变化规律及管理对策

对1992年以来我国蚕茧价格和蚕茧供求变化进行分析,研究蚕茧价格的波动规律以及蚕茧均衡价格产生的条件,提出蚕茧价格管理的构想与建议。     

家蚕品种茧层生产效率的调查及相关分析

251个家蚕品种的茧层生产效率平均为10．11％，最高12．19％，最低6．71％。二化性品种较高，一化性和多化性较低。中系二化种最高，平均10．54％，日二化种次之，平均10．39％，欧一化平均9.08％，日一化8．90％，多化平均8．72％。茧层生产效率与茧层量、茧层率、5龄一日茧层量成正相关，达显著或极显著水平；与5龄经过、全龄经过有正相关倾向，但不显著；与虫蛹率、死笼率、全茧量、消化率无一致倾向的相关。还调查了消化率和茧层转换率。     

蚕茧干燥温度对茧丝品质影响的探讨

通过６种类型的蚕茧干燥温度对蛹体适干率、茧丝品质等的影响的综合调查，认为二冲突温干燥的蛹体适干率、茧丝品质优于恒温干燥，而以头冲温度适中（１１０℃），二冲变温（１００℃→９０℃）时的蛹体适干率和茧丝品质略优于其他类型。     

干旱对玉米穗发育及产量的影响

干旱作为影响玉米产量的环境因素之首,对玉米植株形态、物质积累、生理作用、性器官发育等方面产生影响,最终降低穗粒数、粒重,导致产量降低。以雌雄穗发育为研究重点,本文综述了不同时期干旱对雌雄穗性状及开花吐丝间隔期的影响。玉米开花前遭遇干旱,延缓雌雄穗发育进程,减少分化小花数,增加籽粒败育,导致穗粒数降低;抽雄吐丝期间遭遇干旱,导致雄穗抽出困难、吐丝延迟,使开花吐丝间隔期拉长,严重时导致花粉、花丝超微结构发生改变,影响玉米授粉、受精过程,最终导致秃尖形成,穗粒数降低;灌浆期遭遇干旱导致叶片早衰,光合产物积累不足,籽粒灌浆受阻,粒重降低,最终均会导致产量下降。从源库关系角度分析,玉米灌浆期前干旱导致玉米产量降低的主要原因是穗粒数降低导致的库强不足;而灌浆期干旱主要是叶片早衰等营养器官发育受阻,限制同化物的积累及转运,此时源不足限制了产量的增加。     

Moisture preferences,growth and reproduction of the compost worm Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta)

Summary Although moisture requirements of Eisenia fetida are considered to be generally known, very few in-depth studies have been performed. The moisture preferences of juveniles as well as adults of this species were determined in moisture towers containing cow manure with a particle size bigger than 500 and smaller than 1000 m and an organic matter content of 54%. The clitellate worms showed a wider preference range than the juveniles but deposited most of their cocoons within the narrow range of 65%–70% moisture — a moisture range preferred by 80% of the juveniles. Growth studies of newly hatched worms at various moisture levels over a period of 90 days showed that growth rate and final biomass were influenced by moisture availability with a very low rate of growth at low as well as at high moisture levels. The change in biomass of clitellate specimens as well as their consecutively produced cocoons were monitored at different moisture levels. A clear relationship between mass of cocoons and biomass of the producing worms was established at presumably favourable moisture conditions. Furthermore, the relation between cocoon mass and the production rate of cocoons was also determined, which showed that cocoon mass increased concomitantly with increase in cocoon production. The study also showed that clitellum development was increased at moisture levels above 64%. The onset of cocoon production was, however, earliest at slightly lower moisture levels, from which it is concluded that the optimal moisture level for growth and development of clitella are not necessarily optimal for the production of cocoons.Dedicated to the late Prof. Dr. M.S. Ghilarov     

家蚕二元种和四元种五龄中、后期青蚕绝食上簇对茧质的影响

本研究表明，无论二元种还是四元种，五龄食桑９６小时的青蚕，就可结小型茧。随食桑时间延长，其全茧量和茧层量迅速增加，茧层率呈直线上升。四元种个体间茧质开差大于二元种。食桑６足天（１４４小时）到７足天（１６８小时），二元种的茧层率增长减缓，而四元种仍不减慢。到食桑７足天后的四元种个体间茧质开差缩小到同二元种几乎相仿。因此，五龄后期良桑饱食是提高四元种茧质整齐度的重要途径。     

野败型不育系稻穗闭颖慢原因的探讨

 野败型不育系稻穗开颖迟、闭颖慢的原因与其浆片中维管束数目少、导管和维管束薄壁细胞不发达有关。闭颖过程受小穗轴控制，并受温度影响，而与受精过程无关。水稻颖花能在水中开闭。     

门源草原毛虫茧的空间分布型

通过采用聚集度指标检验的方法，对门源草原毛虫茧在矮嵩草草甸中的空间格局进行研究。结果表明，该虫雄茧（内有雄蛹）和雌茧（内有雌蛹或雌成虫或卵）的空间分布型属于聚集分布。并测定了茧个体群大小，分析了聚集原因，为野外抽样调查，密度估计及预测预报提供了依据。     

He-Ne激光辐照野桑蚕子代变异体继代遗传的研究

He-Ne激光辐照野桑蚕蛹的子代，获得长茧丝（SC）和斑纹变异（BW）个体，经继代饲养，对其发育、形态性状、茧质和丝质进行调查、统计和F测验，SC区的丝长和纤度与对照区差异达到显著和极显著程度，而BW区表现为变异谱扩大，产生变异油蚕。因此He-Ne激光对野桑蚕具有遗传诱变效应，诱变出长茧丝、细纤度特殊经济性状的个体，在育种上有实用意义。