The application of atomic force microscope in clinic diagnosis of erythrocytes

AIM: To investigate the application of atomic force microscope (AFM) in clinic diagnosis. METHODS: Topographic images and some parameters of large range field and microstructures of erythrocytes in the blood of normal subjects, lung cancer and myelodisplastic syndrome (MDS) patients were examined by atomic force microscope. RESULTS: Many clear topographic images of many erythrocytes, single erythrocyte, and microstructure of erythrocyte membrane surface were obtained. Many erythrocytes in lung cancer patients were found to change into echinocytes. One erythrocyte had 10-20 protuberances, most of which, with a mean width of 589. 0 nm and a length of 646. 7 nm, were on the edge of cells. The protuberances on the center of echinocytes are lodged and embedded. The erythrocytes of MDS patients were biconcave in shape. Many apertures with different diameters of tens to hundreds nanometer appeared on the surface of cell membrane. CONCLUSIONS: AFM can be widely applied in clinic pathological inspection, including quantification of cells, obtainment and comparison of many parameters (such as diameter, thickness, volume, surface, surface area/volume ratio), observation of topograph of single cell, and observation and comparison of membrane surface microstructure of cells, and so on.     

Changes in the blood lactate dehydrogenase measurements in canines and felines following the international standardization of the assay method

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in blood is measured using the Japanese Society of Clinical Chemistry (JSCC) method in Japan and the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) method in other countries. In human clinical practice, the IFCC method replaced the JSCC method due to international standardization. Moreover, veterinary LDH measurement will also eventually shift to the IFCC method. However, the relationship between the IFCC and JSCC methods for LDH in various animals and whether they can be equated or not have not yet been investigated. This study aimed to present the changes in measurements in canines and felines after switching to the IFCC method. The plasma LDH activity of canines (N=177) and felines (N=115), who visited a secondary care veterinary clinic, was measured using the JSCC and IFCC methods. The IFCC/JSCC ratio was <1.0 in 85% of canines and 88% of felines, indicating that the IFCC method tended to show lower values than the JSCC method, presumably because LDH5 is dominant among the LDH isozymes in canines and felines. The increase in the systematic errors of both assays was in the high value range, with some samples exceeding the error tolerance from near the upper end of the reference range. When switching to the IFCC method for LDH measurement in canines and felines, each institution should consider whether the reference range and clinical diagnostic values established by the JSCC method are appropriate for continued use.     

中药涂剂治疗波尔羊临床乳房炎的疗效

经确诊为临床型乳房炎的96只波尔羊作为研究对象,分为两组,每组48只,分别采用纯中药涂剂和青、链霉素治疗。试验结果显示:纯中药涂剂治疗临床型乳房炎波尔羊48例,治愈37例,治愈率77%,好转9例,无效2例,总有效率95.8%;用青、链霉素共治疗48例,治愈28例,治愈率58.3%,好转12例,无效8例,总有效率83.3%。经检验,纯中药涂剂对波尔羊临床乳房炎的治愈率、总有效率明显高于青、链霉素(P<0.05)。     

卧位型心绞痛合并阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征80例临床分析

目的探讨卧位型心绞痛与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）的关系,以及临床干预呼吸睡眠对卧位型心绞痛合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）的影响．方法将80例卧位型心绞痛合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）患者随机分为两组,研究组在给予常规药物治疗的基础上,给予呼吸睡眠干预,对照组仅给予常规药物治疗．对两组患者的症状缓解情况和心电图改善、恶化等情况进行比较分析．结果研究组患者在症状改善、血压控制满意率、夜间动态心电图检测心肌缺血发生率、心电图改变、心肌梗死发生率、心绞痛发作频率、射血分数（LVEF）、心律失常发生率等方面与对照组比较,差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）．结论临床干预呼吸睡眠可改善OSAS的预后．     

美洲大蠊药理作用及临床应用研究进展(英文)

近几年来对美洲大蠊的药理作用和药物开发研究越来越多,研究显示它具有药用价值广、不良反应低及资源丰富的特点,在医药领域中有较好的应用前景。该研究就美洲大蠊的药理作用及其临床应用的研究状况进行了综述,以期为美洲大蠊药物的进一步研究开发提供参考,为其临床合理应用提供科学依据。     

Outbreak of bovine clinical mastitis caused by Mycoplasma bovis in a North Italian herd

This report describes an outbreak of Mycoplasma bovis mastitis affecting 45 cows in a herd of 122 dairy cattle in Northern Italy. Clinically, the outbreak was characterized by agalactia, multiple swollen and painless quarters, high milk somatic cell count and unresponsiveness to conventional antibiotic therapy. M. bovis was isolated from the milk samples of all the 32 affected cows tested and from the mammary tissue of three affected cows that underwent necropsy. No other pathogens were isolated from these samples. Lesions in two of the necropsied cows were characterized by mild chronic suppurative mastitis and galactophoritis. The other necropsied cow showed a chronic necrosuppurative and pyogranulamaous galactophoritis, a condition not previously associated with M. bovis. M. bovis was detected immunohistochemically in the lumen of the affected mammary ducts suggesting that ascending infection via the teat canal was the likely route of transmission. No other intralesional pathogens were demonstrated microscopically.     

翅果油树药学研究概况

在广泛文献检索基础上,对翅果油树种属、成分、药理及临床应用进行了综述,为其的深入开发利用提供参考依据。     

Loser cows in Danish dairy herds: definition, prevalence and consequences

During the last few years, many Danish dairy farmers have expressed increasing concerns regarding a group of cows, which we have chosen to term ‘loser cows’. Until now, a loser cow has not been described scientifically. We defined a loser cow on the basis of a clinical examination of the cow. A total of 15,151 clinical examinations were made on 6,451 individual cows from 39 randomly selected, large Danish dairy herds with loose-housing systems using a clinical protocol. Scores for the clinical signs lameness, body condition, hock lesions, other cutaneous lesions, vaginal discharge, condition of hair coat and general condition were converted into a loser cow score. Cows with a loser cow score of 8 or more were classified as loser cows. The overall prevalence of loser cows was 2.15%, 4.50% and 2.98% during the first, second and third round of herd visits, respectively.

The associations between the loser cow state and milk production, mortality, morbidity, culling and workload for the farmer were evaluated using data from herd visits and from the Danish Cattle Database and a number of different statistical techniques. It was concluded that the loser cow state has significant negative consequences for both the farmer and the cow. On average, loser cows yielded 0.61 to 2.24 kg energy corrected milk less per day than non-loser cows depending on parity. Hazard ratio for death or euthanasia was 5.69 for loser cows compared to non-loser cows. Incidence rate ratio for disease treatments was 0.69 for non-loser cows compared to loser cows. Loser cows were often culled in an ‘unfavourable’ way and generally caused extra workload for the farmer.

A simplified version of the loser cow score was evaluated and is recommended for future research and use in practice.     

实行季节性梯度农用水价对农业节水的有效性研究

从价格调控对农业用水资源的配置作用出发,分析了目前农业节水中的水价问题,得出农用水将普遍收费的必然趋势。重点提出了季节性梯度农用水价的概念并对其含义进行了深入说明。最后通过在“冬小麦节水高产省肥简化‘四统一’栽培技术体系”中的实例研究,认为季节性梯度农用水价对农业节约用水是可行的。