菊苣子叶离体培养与植株再生的研究

以菊苣无菌苗的子叶为外植体,研究其在附加不同浓度NAA和6-BA的培养基上的分化情况.结果表明:在不同培养基上,菊苣子叶均能诱导出淡黄色的愈伤组织和分化形成不定芽,但不同基因型菊苣的出愈率和不定芽诱导存在明显差别.诱导Rossa di Verona tardiva selez prelude和Rossa di treviso菊苣愈伤组织形成和芽分化的最佳培养基为MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+6-BA 2 mg/L;而诱导In miscuglio菊苣愈伤组织和芽分化的最佳培养基为MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+6-BA 3 mg/L.     

Differential responses of chicory ecotypes exposed to drought stress in relation to enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants as well as ABA concentration

Drought stress causes various physiological and biochemical effects in plants. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), of the Asteraceae, is a medicinal herbal that is found in most parts of Iran. This study was taken as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design? with four replications, to evaluate the effect of water deficit on changes in antioxidant enzyme activity, proline content, and ABA accumulation of four ecotypes of chicory (Sefid Shiraz, Siyah Shiraz, Sefid Isfahan, Siyah Isfahan). To conduct this research, greenhouse cultivation at four different irrigation levels, 100% (as a control), 80, 60 and 40% of field capacity (FC), was conducted and after 60 days of tension under specific treatment, the plants were harvested and the indicators were investigated. The results of the present study indicate that Siyah Shiraz performs better than the others under water deficit conditions, as indicated by higher antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase) activity, proline content (as non-enzymatic anti oxidant) and abscisic acid accumulation in leaves. Since activation of the antioxidant system helps the plants with stress-induced damages, our results indicate that Siyah Shiraz has a better defense system against oxidative damage. These data are useful for better understanding of the physiological basis of changes in drought resistance as well as crop breeding projects.     

结球菊苣品种比较试验

以3个结球菊苣品种为试验材料,进行品种比较试验,结果表明,红叶菊苣叶球形态呈长椭圆形,单株重、单位面积产量最高,抗逆性和抗病性最强,抽薹率低,适合吉林地区栽培,可作为结球菊苣推广品种在吉林地区推广.     

喷洒细胞分裂素对菊苣生长及品质的影响

在菊苣苗期喷洒不同浓度的细胞分裂素(CTK),研究CTK对菊苣营养生长和品质的影响。结果表明:CTK处理后30 d,菊苣叶片数、最长叶叶长等与对照组差异显著,且与CTK浓度呈显著正相关,喷洒稀释150倍CTK处理菊苣表现出较好的生长性能,可显著提高菊苣的饲用品质,叶片干物质中粗蛋白质(CP)含量为222．9 mg·g~(-1),中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量为203．0 mg·g~(-1);CTK处理后45 d,菊苣最长叶叶长和叶宽与CTK浓度呈负相关性,喷洒稀释350倍CTK处理菊苣表现出较好的生长性能,饲用品质较好,叶片数达11片,单株重为55．43 g,叶片干物质中CP含量为220．9 mg·g~(-1),NDF含量为182．7 mg·g~(-1)。     

菊苣的开发与利用研究综述

从植物学特性、生物学特性、化学成分、种类、适应性以及用途等几方面对菊苣的开发利用研究进行了综述。并提出了其在西藏的利用前景。     

Control of Phytophthora cryptogea in the hydroponic forcing of witloof chicory with the rhamnolipid-based biosurfactant formulation PRO1

Rhamnolipids, extracellular metabolites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with surfactant properties, proved to be very effective in controlling the spread of brown root rot disease caused by Phytophthora cryptogea in the hydroponic forcing system of witloof chicory ( Cichorium intybus var. foliosum ). The biosurfactant was applied as the product PRO1, a formulation of 25% rhamnolipids in oil. Both an in vitro screening and in vivo experiments in a mini-hydroponic system demonstrated the ability of PRO1 to control brown root rot. A 25  µ g mL⁻¹ rhamnolipids nutrient solution was enough to obtain good control of an artificial infection with a zoospore suspension of P. cryptogea . The biosurfactant PRO1 performed well in a semicommercial system under growers' conditions. A treatment of 25  µ g mL⁻¹ rhamnolipids (100  µ g mL⁻¹ PRO1) reduced the disease incidence significantly in two independent experiments. However, PRO1 was not effective when a mycelial suspension was used as inoculum. Rhamnolipids have good potential to limit the spread of P. cryptogea in the hydroponic forcing system of witloof chicory, and can be used as a preventive measure against brown root rot.     

农杆菌介导含硫氨基酸γ-zein转化菊苣的初步研究

含硫氨基酸具有动物营养与免疫相关的重要生理功能,为提高菊苣中含硫氨基酸含量,采用根癌农杆菌介导法将玉米种子贮藏蛋白含硫氨基酸基因γ-zein和绿色荧光蛋白GFP融合基因转入到菊苣无菌苗叶片中,经过共培养、潮霉素抗性筛选、分化、再生和炼苗,得到抗性植株。对抗性植株进行PCR、PCR-Southern、斑点杂交和RTPCR分析,结果表明,外源目的基因已经整合到菊苣基因组中并且得到了表达,为提高菊苣含硫氨基酸含量,改善其品质奠定了基础。     

水分胁迫下菊苣航天诱变新品系保护酶活性变化

[目的]该研究旨在了解航天诱变对菊苣不同品系保护酶活性的影响,为南方喀斯特地区筛选耐旱植物提供科学依据。[方法]以‘实践八号’育种卫星搭载选育出的菊苣新品系和目前主推的菊苣品种为研究对象,对SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性以及丙二醛含量进行测定。[结果]随着水分胁迫时间的增加,PA-82、普那菊苣和PA-43的丙二醛含量逐渐升高,在处理12 d时,分别上升了0.575、0.72和0.844μmol/g;SOD、POD和CAT活性迅速升高,在处理9 d时,PA-82、普那菊苣和PA-43的SOD分别上升了878.9、809.2和711.1U/g,上升幅度为139.1%、136.7%和121.1%;POD分别上升了4 397、3 754和2 767 U/（g·min）,上升幅度为265.84%、257.65%和204.06%;CAT分别上升了402.1、277.1和170.9 KU/L,上升幅度为73.08%、39.69%和26.20%;之后3种保护酶均出现大幅度下降,12 d时,PA-82、普那菊苣和PA-43的SOD分别下降1 206.5、1 144.7和1 108.6 U/g,POD分别下降3 145、2 876和2 753 U/（g·min）,CAT分别下降587.2、698.1和584.1 KU/L。[结论]经综合评价,3种菊苣的抗旱能力为PA-82〉普那菊苣〉PA-43。     

The phylogenetic relationship between different Cichorium intybus cultivars and cultivar groups, as revealed by RAPDs

The phylogenetic relationship between different Cichorium intybus cultivars and cultivar groups was studied. A total of 127 random amplified polymorphic DNA markers have been used to distinguish between 51 Cichorium intybus cultivars belonging to three different cultivar groups. A principal component analysis was performed on the complete data set and a clear grouping of chicory cultivar groups was observed. The three chicory groups tested (root chicory, witloof and pain de sucre) were separated from one another in the principal component plots. The first two axes accounted for 43.9% of the total variation. Although the chicory used in traditional forcing in soil and the red chicory cultivars were related more to each other and to the chicory cultivars from the witloof group, they still formed separate groups in the principal component plot.     

Electrophoretic Analysis of Eleven Isozyme Systems and their Possible Use as Biochemical Markers in Breeding of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)

Polymorphism and ontogeny of 11 chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) enzymatic systems have been analyzed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, namely: leucine aminopeptidase, phosphoglucomutase, shikimate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, superoxide dismutase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, esterase, phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phos-phogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose phosphate isomerase. The use of these systems as biochemical markers is discussed.