氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂对桃小食心虫的防治效果研究

本试验比较了不同浓度氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂对桃小食心虫的防治效果。结果表明:试验药剂35%氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂在水中分散性良好,700倍用药量(有效成分量为41.2 g/hm^2)防治桃小食心虫的速效性和持效性均良好,14 d后防效达到最大值,为99.1%。试验证明,氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂可用来防治果树桃小食心虫。     

Comparison of spinetoram,imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole against life stages of Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on concrete

Spinetoram, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole are new insecticides with novel mode of actions, low mammalian toxicity and low impact to environment. In the present study, the efficacy of these insecticides was tested against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val on concrete. Among the tested insecticides, spinetoram proved to be more effective, providing complete control of T. confusum adults and young larvae after 14 days of exposure. For the young larvae, thiamethoxam at the highest dose and chlorantraniliprole at both doses were equally effective with spinetoram. On the other hand, none of the tested insecticides were able to control T. confusum pupae. Moreover, none of the insecticides had ovicidal effect, with the exception of chlorantraniliprole in some combinations. From the mobile life stages, the most tolerant life stages were old larvae and the most susceptible young larvae. The presence of food (flour) moderated T. confusum mortality. From the results of the present study, we can conclude that spinetoram, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole showed potential and need be further evaluated for surface treatments in stored product facilities. Our work underlined the need for good cleaning and sanitation procedures in warehouses and food processing facilities.     

氯虫苯甲酰胺对小菜蛾的室内毒力测定及防治效果

为研究5%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂（SC）对小菜蛾的防治效果,利用4种药剂进行了室内毒力测定和田间药效试验。室内毒力测定结果表明：药后48 h 5%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC对小菜蛾的毒力最高,LC50为0.563 0 mg·L-1|其次是10%多杀霉素水分散粒剂（WG）,LC50为0.856 7 mg·L-1|1.9%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油（EC）和1%阿维菌素EC的毒力较低。田间药效试验结果表明：5%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC 1 000倍液对小菜蛾的防效最好,达到95.04%,显著优于其他3种药剂|10%多杀霉素WG 5 000倍液的防效次之,为82.01%|而1.9%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐EC 1 500倍液和1%阿维菌素EC 750倍液的防效较低,分别为71.67%和63.95%。     

噻虫嗪与氯虫苯甲酰胺对非靶标害虫土耳其斯坦叶螨生长发育的影响

【目的】 研究噻虫嗪与氯虫苯甲酰胺两种药剂,对非靶标害虫土耳其斯坦叶螨生长发育及种群参数的影响。【方法】 采用玻片浸渍法、叶碟法,研究土耳其斯坦叶螨对两种药剂的敏感性、生命参数变化。【结果】 经氯虫苯甲酰胺和噻虫嗪处理的土耳其斯坦叶螨成螨死亡率与对照均无明显差异;氯虫苯甲酰胺处理叶螨成螨后,次代除若Ⅱ期外,未成熟期的存活率均高于对照,而噻虫嗪处理时,次代若Ⅱ期的存活率高于对照,卵期、幼螨期和若Ⅰ期的存活率低于对照;经氯虫苯甲酰胺处理后,与对照和噻虫嗪处理相比,产卵前期明显缩短,世代显著延长,且日产卵量显著增多;氯虫苯甲酰胺处理的种群净增殖率R₀ 、内禀增长率r_m 、周限增长率λ比对照和噻虫嗪处理增大,而施用噻虫嗪的叶螨平均世代历期T、种群加倍时间t比对照和施用氯虫苯甲酰胺延长。【结论】 氯虫苯甲酰胺有刺激土耳其斯坦叶螨增长的作用,而噻虫嗪无影响。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺对荻蛀茎害虫的防治效果试验

荻蛀茎夜蛾(Sesamia sp.)、棘禾草螟(Chilo hyrax)是为害芦苇生长的主要害虫,常年发生率高,造成芦苇减产严重。本试验使用氯虫苯甲酰胺对荻蛀茎夜蛾和棘禾草螟进行防治,取得良好效果。     

High level of metaflumizone resistance and multiple insecticide resistance in field populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Guangdong Province,China

Spodoptera exigua is a phytophagous pest that causes critical economic losses in vegetable crops, and insecticides are commonly used against it in vegetable growing areas. However, excessive and frequent applications of insecticides cause resistance in S. exigua. The current resistance in field populations of S. exigua collected from Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China to 12 insecticides was investigated. S. exiguahad developed very high resistance to lambda cyhalothrin (2925- to 3449-fold), chlorpyrifos (>1786-fold), emamectin benzoate (174- to 867-fold), and metaflumizone (60.3- to 942-fold). High resistance to tebufenozide (51.5- to 75.4-fold) and chlorfluazuron (60.4- to 63.0-fold) was also found. Synergism assays revealed that the resistance to metaflumizone and lambda cyhalothrin was associated with esterase and microsomal oxidases, respectively. The resistance to emamectin benzoate was not affected by detoxification enzymes inhibitors and might be conferred by other mechanisms. The selection of the field population by metaflumizone for 10generations in the laboratory resulted in a 6.1-fold increase in metaflumizone resistance but did not lead to increases in resistance to other insecticides. After metaflumizone selection, susceptibilities to spinosad and endosulfan did not change, and the susceptibilities to indoxacarb, methomyl, pyridalyl, tebufenozide, chlorfluazuron, emamectin benzoate and lambda cyhalothrin decreased slightly. However, no statistically significant differences in the resistance levels were observed among the selected population, its starting strain and the unselected strain. The resistance to chlorantraniliprole noticeably decreased in unselected strain and the strain subjected to selection for 10 generations compared with their starting strains. Lack of cross-resistance to tested insecticides suggested the involvement of multiple mechanisms of resistance and the need for wise application of these insecticides for the management of S. exigua.     

畜禽杂种优势测定和评估方法分析

最近几年,随着生物科学技术的发展,很多科学家都开始致力于畜禽的杂种优势的研究。科学实验和生产实践表明,在畜禽的养殖方面,利用杂种优势进行畜禽的养殖能是养殖场获得更大的经济利益。     

24%甲氧虫酰肼悬浮剂田间防治玉米螟的效果研究

[目的]评估24%甲氧虫酰肼悬浮剂对吉林省玉米螟的田间防治效果。[方法]在玉米螟幼虫孵化高峰期,田间施用不同剂量的24%甲氧虫酰肼悬浮剂,以20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂为对照药剂,在玉米螟蛀茎前和玉米收获前分别调查虫伤株率。[结果]玉米螟蛀茎前,24%甲氧虫酰肼悬浮剂300~675 ml/hm2处理与20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂150 ml/hm2处理的虫伤株率不存在显著差异,校正防治效果为79.2%~100%;玉米收获前,24%甲氧虫酰肼悬浮剂225~675 ml/hm2处理与20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂150 ml/hm2处理的虫伤株率不存在显著差异,校正防治效果为34.2%~82.8%。[结论]田间应用24%甲氧虫酰肼悬浮剂防治1代玉米螟的推荐使用剂量为375 ml/hm2,8月初可再喷施1次24%甲氧虫酰肼悬浮剂以提高对2代玉米螟的防治效果。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺与高效氯氰菊酯复配对黄野螟增效作用研究

采用叶浸渍法测定了两种农药对黄野螟的增效作用及两种药剂复配的适宜配比。结果表明：氯虫苯甲酰胺和高效氯氰菊酯对黄野螟的制剂LC50值分别是0.000772632mg/L和0.000008884mg/L,后者毒力大于前者;两者以重量比为8∶2和7：3混配时的增效作用最明显。从经济效益和增效作用两方面考虑,7∶3配比为最佳。     

20%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC防治水稻二化螟的应用研究

氯虫苯甲酰胺是一种高效、安全的新型杀虫剂。田间药效试验表明:20%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC对水稻二化螟具有优良的防治效果,该药30 g/hm2和45 g/hm2于二化螟卵孵高峰期防治1次,对枯心的防治效果为96.72%以上,幼虫的死亡率为98.48%以上,且对水稻生产安全。