甘肃引种树苜蓿越冬失败原因及预防对策

树苜蓿Chamaecytisus palmensis是一种具有饲用、观赏和水保等多功能的长绿豆科灌木树种,2002年首次从澳大利亚引进甘肃,且分别在该省的定西、天水和武都进行了各种育苗试验并取得了成功,但一年生苗木在定西和天水越冬出现失败.为此在对树苜蓿引种、育苗和越冬保护进行简述的基础上,对其越冬失败的原因和保护对策进行了详细的阐述,并提出了一些建议.     

引进优良饲料灌木树苜蓿嫩枝扦插育苗试验初报

甘肃新引进的优良饲料灌木树苜蓿在获得容器育苗和大田直播育苗成功的基础上,为进一步拓宽其繁殖途径和增加繁殖材料并降低种子进口成本而进行了树苜蓿不同部位、生根粉不同处理方法的嫩枝扦插试验。结果表明：树苜蓿嫩枝扦插不但可以生根,而且生根良好;经生根粉处理苗的生根率比不处理的生根率高,且生根粉处理时间长的(10h)比处理时间短的(2h)生根率高;从部位看,枝条上部和中部的生根率比下部的生根率高;管理条件好的比管理条件差的生根率高。     

引进优良饲料灌木树苜蓿容器育苗试验初报

从澳大利亚引进优良饲料灌木树苜蓿Chamaecytisus palmensis种源1个,种子25 kg.经种子主要指标测定表明,种子千粒重23.92 g,净度93.17%;采用安全、简便、有效的沸水加洗衣粉浸泡种子的催芽方法,发芽率85%以上;容器育苗出苗观测表明,树苜蓿播后3～13 d出苗,4～10 d出齐,平均出苗率90%以上;生长量观测表明,树苜蓿生长曲线呈"S"形,一年生平均苗高1.25 m,平均地径0.86 cm;营养价值测定表明,树苜蓿枝叶营养丰富,是很好的饲草饲料;光合强度测定表明,树苜蓿较饲料灌木和草本植物光合速率大,蒸腾速率较小,光合物质积累较多.     

Genetic diversity in the Chamaecytisus proliferus complex (Fabaceae: Genisteae) in the Canary Islands in relation to in situ conservation

Summary Electrophoresis was carried out for six isozyme systems on 175 accessions of the seven morphological forms of Chamaecytisus proliferus (L. fil.) Link (Fabaceae: Genisteae) from the Canary Islands. Previous studies have shown that there is clear differentiation into morphological and ecological forms. The underlying genetic variation as visualised by studying isozymes does not reflect this. While substantial genetic diversity can be identified, this was found to be as much within as between morphological forms. This genetic diversity was found to decrease from east to west, and reflects the pattern of variation remaining after colonisation of the individual islands, which is assumed to have progressed in the same direction. Subsequently, adaptive radiation has given rise to the overlying morphological variation as exhibited in the seven morphological forms.In terms of in situ conservation, overall genetic diversity can be easily conserved in the abundant populations occurring in the east of the archipelago, while more attention is required for conservation of the much rarer morphological forms found in the west, despite their relative lack of isozyme diversity.Abbreviations ACO aconitase - ADH alcohol dehydrogenase - IDH Asocitrate dehydrogenase - MDH malate dehydrogenase - PGD 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase - PGM phosphoglucomutase - CA cluster analysis - PCA principal component analysis     

优良引进饲料灌木树苜蓿种子的6种催芽试验

通过对新引进的优良饲料灌木树苜蓿进行种子催芽、种子生活力鉴定和种子发芽试验,结果表明：6种催芽方法效果差异显著。其中,砂纸磨擦催芽效果最好,其次是变温处理和浓硫酸催芽,碳酸钠和洗衣粉催芽效果居中,沸水处理催芽效果最差,但所有方法的催芽率均不高,种子最高吸胀率只有58．0％。综合考虑其催芽操作难易程度、催芽效果和使用的安全、经济和可行性以及树苜蓿种子含硬实的特性,试验筛选出了碳酸钠和洗衣粉2种比较合适的树苜蓿种子催芽方法。种子生活力鉴定结果表明：种子活力达75％以上,且试验所用催芽药剂及药剂处理浓度和处理时间对种子活力没有太大影响。种子发芽率为94．5％。     

树苜蓿在甘肃的育苗试验

树苜蓿(Chamaecytisus palmensis)又称灌木苜蓿或苜蓿树(Tree Lucerne,Tagasaste),起源于非州西北海岸大西洋的加拿利群岛(Canary Islands)的拉帕尔马岛(La Palma)上(Webb et al., 1985),是一种速生常绿豆科灌木(Getnet,1998),分布于拉帕尔马岛的亚热带、地中海式生物气候带(Javier et al.,2004),后从拉帕尔马岛传播到其他岛屿(Francisco-Ortega et al.,1993).