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对湖羊生长性状的表型参数和遗传参数的估测表明,性别对这些生长性状有极显著的影响,在遗传参数的估测中剔除性别的效应可提高估计的正确性。初生重、断奶重、三月龄重、六月龄重、周岁重和日增重等性状都属于高遗传力性状,遗传力分别为0.4190,0.3042.0.6023,0.6077,0.3956和0.6945.根据相关分析结果,为提高湖羊的生长速度和肉用性能,把日增重和三月龄重作为主要选择性状,预期可获得较好的效果 相似文献
3.
Agerholm, J.S., A. Basse and K. Christensen: Investigations on the occurrence of hereditary diseases in the Danish cattle population 1989-1991. Acta vet. scand. 1993, 34, 245-253.– The methods of the Danish Bovine Genetic Disease Programme are outlined, and the results obtained during the first 3 years in function are described. The most common disease reported was spinal muscular atrophy in calves of the Red Danish Dairy breed with 312 reports. Necropsy was performed on 162 cases, and spinal muscular atrophy was diagnosed in 82 of these. Bovine progressive degenerative mye-loencephalopathy, rectovaginal constriction, syndrome of arthrogryposis and palatoschisis, hereditary chondrodysplasia (2 different types), syndactylism, epitheliogenesis imperfecta, and osteogenesis imperfecta was diagnosed with 1 case each. Lethal trait A46 was diagnosed in 4 calves. Some of these diseases have not previously been described in Denmark, and epitheliogenesis imperfecta was for the first time diagnosed in the Hereford breed. Chromosome translocation 1/29 was detected in the Blonde d’Aquitaine (BAQ), Limousine, and Red Danish Dairy breed. The aberration occurred frequently in BAQ. Furthermore, a complex chromosome translocation t(l;8;9)(q45;ql3;q26) was detected in the Red Danish Dairy breed. 相似文献
4.
用RAPD技术筛选中国荷斯坦牛产奶量性状遗传标记 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7
选用320条10碱基随机引物在由36头高产(305d产奶量〉8500kg)和32头低产(305d产奶量〈5600kg)中国荷斯坦牛所组成的2个DNA池间进行RAPD-PCR扩增,从中筛选出稳定性好、带型清晰且在2个DNA池间有明显差异的RAPD引物24条。用筛选到的24条引物对所有个体进行PCR检测,得到了5个与奶牛产奶量性状相关的RAPD标记,并对其中4个进行了克隆测序和SCAR标记转化以及生物信息学分析。结果表明:SCAR标记yield—s139与产奶量密切相关,应用电子克隆方法已将该标记由921bp延伸到2141bp,经同源性比较发现,此标记对应于奶牛基因组中LINEs家族中的一个重复元件,推测该元件附近可能存在与产奶量性状相关的QTLs或主效基因。 相似文献
5.
Variation was investigated in 110 doubled haploid (DH) lines of wheat derived from wheat × maize crosses. Field observation revealed visible variations in 15 DH2 lines such as extreme dwarfism, low seed fertility, alteration of spike type and stripes. Six agronomic traits, i.e., heading date, spike number/ plant, culm length, spike length, seed fertility and grain weight were statistically analyzed in the DH2 and DH3 generations. Out of the 88 DH2 lines/DH3 groups, 26 %/64 % showed significant differences from the parental variety in the means of one or more traits. Ranges of the DH3 lines were larger than those of the DH2 lines, except for spike number/plant. Furthermore, analyses of variance within and between DH lines showed the presence of heterogeneity/heterozygosity in the DH2 lines/plants. These results indicated the occurrence of gametoclonal variation in the DH lines. It is considered that most of the variations detected were due to the colchicine treatment rather than to the 2,4-D treatment or in vitro culture. 相似文献
6.
沙拐枣属蓼科沙拐枣属多年生灌木,主要分布在我国的西北地区,本文就沙拐枣人工种植后的出苗状况,生长发育特性及不同生育期营养成分变化动态等进行了研究,为我国西部大开发生态治理工程中沙拐枣的大面积推广种植提供了指导。 相似文献
7.
Pierre Mormède 《Livestock Production Science》2005,93(1):15-21
Genetic factors are undoubtedly involved in inter-individual variability of the behaviours that may be important for livestock production, as shown by pedigree studies, comparison of genetic stocks raised in the same environment, and selection experiments. The knowledge of gene polymorphisms responsible for genetic variability would increase the efficiency of selection, as shown for instance by the identification of the ryanodine receptor gene that harbours the mutations responsible for the porcine stress syndrome, that allows the eradication of the susceptibility allele. One strategy is to screen systematically the genes that are known to be involved in regulation of behaviour (functional candidate genes). This strategy is however very difficult for most behavioural traits, since behaviour is an emerging function from the whole brain/body and the molecular pathways involved in genetic variability are very poorly understood. Another strategy is to investigate linkage between trait variation and genetic markers in a segregating population (usually an intercross or backcross between two strains or breeds contrasting for the trait under study). It allows the detection of genomic regions influencing that trait (quantitative trait loci or QTL), and further investigation aims at the identification of the gene(s) located in each of these regions and the molecular polymorphisms involved in phenotypic variation. Although many QTL have been published for behavioural traits in experimental animals, very few examples are available where strong candidate genes have been identified. Further progress will be very much dependent upon the careful definition of behavioural traits to be studied (including their importance for animal production), on the reliability of their measurement in a large number of animals and on the efficient mastering of environmental factors of variability. The fast increase in the knowledge of genome sequence in several species will undoubtedly facilitate the application to farm animal species of the knowledge obtained in model organisms, as well as the use of model organisms to explore candidate genes detected by QTL studies in farm animals. 相似文献
8.
乡村生态学研究的尺度与等级特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
乡村生态学 ( Village ecology)的尺度和等级特征依赖一定空间区域 ,不同尺度所研究村落的特征也不尽相同 ,空间尺度的大小很大程度上决定于所研究村落的复杂性、稳定性及特征。在特定的空间尺度下 ,乡村的组成要素随着时间尺度的变化而变化 ,但变化速率受空间尺度大小的制约。乡村生态学研究具有等级结构 ,空间尺度决定所研究单元的等级位置。行政村 (中心村 )和自然村 (自然屯 )是乡村生态学研究的基本尺度 相似文献
9.
核桃早实性状的RAPD分析 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
用BSA (Bulked Segregant Analysis) 法获得了与核桃早实性状相关的RAPD 标记OPB208900。混合分离群体的混合样来自早实品种辽1 的自然授粉实生后代。用220 个随机引物扩增早实和晚实混合样, 只有引物OPB208 ( 5. GTCCACACGG 3. ) 在早实混合样及其个体上扩增出了约900 bp 的特异带OPB208900, 而在晚实混合样及其个体上无此特异带。用OPB208 为引物, 以19 个品种和3 个株系的DNA 为模板进行扩增,特异带OPB208900在17 个早实品种中的12 个个体上出现, 而5 个晚实品种( 系) 上均无此带。 相似文献
10.
引进丹麦先进仪器FAT—O—MEAT’ER(肉脂仪)对中国鲁梅克斯食品总公司名山县屠宰场中5821头猪进行了现场测定,测量性状为最后一根肋骨处离背中线4~5cm处的膘厚(P2)和倒数第三、四根肋骨之间,离背中线4—5cm处的膘厚(RF)以及眼肌厚度(RM),并估测出瘦肉率。对所测胴体各性状的均数和相关性分析,表明本地商品肉猪胴体质量低于国外水平。 相似文献