京杭运河底泥起动和冲刷率试验研究

京杭运河是南水北调东线工程的重要输水通道,减少底泥冲刷引起的污染对保护其水质有重要的作用。利用文献中的底泥起动流速公式和冲刷率公式,推导出起动摩阻流速与湿密度公式、摩阻流速与冲刷率公式。以京杭运河底泥在水槽内进行不同湿密度的起动试验和不同水流条件下的冲刷率试验。试验结果用最小二乘法进行拟合,得到底泥起动时临界起动摩阻流速与湿密度的相关关系,冲刷时摩阻流速与冲刷率的相关关系。结果表明,有关试验数据的相关性较好,对实际工程应用有一定的指导意义。     

渠床土壤二维稳定入渗率实验及渗漏损失计算

本文针对干旱地区、连续供水的大中型灌区渠道效率评估需要,用保角映射原理简化稳定入渗率的实验计算式;在克服渠床土壤空间变异性影响、改进国外的分离式静水套坑法为合一式静水套统、测定二维稳定入渗率实验法,求得一维流稳定入渗率的二维改正系数r;结合理论计算,可简便求得渠道渗漏损失用于输水效率评估。     

Prediction of irrigation return flows through a hierarchical modeling approach

The quantity of water available for irrigation is getting scarce in many countries and it assumes great importance for assured crop production, especially in view of the erratic behavior of the monsoon. Thus, there is a pressing need to improve the water efficiency of irrigation systems. One-way of improving the efficiency of the irrigation system is reusing the return flow from the irrigation system. This task requires quantification of return flow, which still remains as a grey area in irrigation water management. The estimation of return flow from the irrigation system is usually obtained using thumb rules depending upon the site-specific conditions like command area conditions and soil properties. In this paper, a hierarchical modeling technique, namely, regression tree is developed for return flow estimation. Regression tree is built through binary recursive partitioning. The effective rainfall, inflow, consumptive water demand, and percolation loss are taken as predictor variables and return flow is treated as the target variable. The applicability of the hierarchical model is demonstrated through a case study of Periyar-Vaigai Irrigation System in Tamil Nadu, India. The model performance shows a good match between the simulated and the field measured return flow values. Results of statistical analysis indicated that the correlation coefficients are high for both single as well as double crop seasons.     

扬州市古运河生态环境林观光休闲型绿化模式营建研究

结合对扬州市古运河的整治，营建生态环境林观光休闲型滨河绿地风光带。在其实施的第1期工程中，就观光休闲型绿化模式的定位功能、建模原理、模式结构、绿化设计原则、主要地段景点的绿化配置与造景造意，以及模式绿化的初期效果等进行初步研究探讨。要求通过增加乔木数量，配置观赏人工植物群落，搭配仿古园林建筑，保护古文化遗迹，形成滨河绿地森林公园，最终达到既发挥观光旅游、休闲娱乐游憩功能，又发挥净化空气、改善城市生活环境的生态功能的目的。     

城市古运河水岸景观设计研究——以镇江古运河中段景观设计为例

水岸是古运河景观的重要组成部分,古运河水岸景观的合理设计对于古运河在当代社会中发挥新的作用及对人的需求有着重要的作用。以江苏省镇江市运河水岸景观设计为例,分析探讨了城市运河水岸环境的建造中,根据现场来创造具有当地地域特色的运河水岸景观,并且根据人的活动需求,来设计出富有生命力的运河水岸空间。对于其他城市型水岸景观的建设具有良好的借鉴作用。     

An integrated hydro-economic modelling framework to evaluate water allocation strategies II: Scenario assessment

In this paper the results of an assessment of the hydrological and economic implications of reallocating water in the Musi sub-basin, a catchment within the Krishna Basin in India, are reported. Policy makers identified a number of different but plausible scenarios that could apply in the sub-basin, involving; supplying additional urban demand from agricultural allocations of water, implementing a number of demand management strategies, changing the timing of releases for hydropower generation, changing the crops grown under irrigation, reducing existing stream flows and allowing for more environmental flows. The framework chosen to undertake this assessment was a simulation model that measures and compares the economic values of water allocation scenarios determined from a water allocation model that accounts for supplies of groundwater and surface water across a number of regions and over a variety of uses. Policy makers are provided with the range of measures on the security of the supply of water and the social costs and benefits of reallocating water between sectors and across regions within the sub-basin. Taking water from agriculture to supply urban users has a greater impact on irrigation supplies during dry years. It was also found that changing the allocation of water between sectors, by taking it away from agriculture had a large positive economic impact on the urban sector. Yet the costs involved in undertaking such a strategy results in a significant loss in the net present value of the scheme. Stream flow reductions, if significantly large (at around 20%), were found to have a large physical and economic impact on the agricultural sector. Implementing water saving strategies in Hyderabad was found to be more cost effective than taking water from agriculture, if rainwater tanks are used to achieve this. Changing the timing of hydropower flows resulted in best meeting of irrigation demand in NSLC and NSRC. Under this scenario, the crops grown under irrigation were found to have a significant economic impact on the sub-basin, but not as large as farmers undertaking crop diversification strategies, ones which result in farmers growing less rice. The security of supplying water to different agricultural zones has significantly improved under this scenario. Finally, releasing water for environmental purposes was found to have only a minor impact on the agricultural sector.     

京杭大运河苏州城区段景观标识系统设计

在研究分析京杭大运河城市滨水景观的基础上,首次提出"景观标识系统"的概念和苏州城区段景观标识系统的设计方案。首先分析并提出了景观标识系统的概念,然后结合景观标识系统的功能,以景观标识系统设计的原则、组成和设计内容为依据,从形象标识、信息标识、导向标识和管理标识的角度出发,最终完成了京杭大运河苏州城区滨水空间景观标识系统的设计。目的是通过京杭大运河景观标识系统的建立,帮助游玩者顺利地完成游览活动,并获取可信的环境信息。     

渠道衬砌混凝土板预制加工工艺研究与实践

渠道衬砌是目前我国实施节水灌溉的一种重要工程措施,预制混凝土板是渠道衬砌的主要材料之一,其质量的好坏对衬砌工程质量具有重要影响.结合多年来的工作实践,介绍了渠道衬砌混凝土板预制加工制作工艺,针对衬砌混凝土板预制过程中常见的质量问题进行了分析,提出了提高质量的具体措施.     

肋板式混凝土衬砌─一种新型渠道衬砌型式的应用

 肋板式混凝土衬砌是一种新型的板、肋联合作用的空间结构,本文在理论分析和灌溉渠道实际应用的基础上,总结其优越性和适用性,提出了简易的计算方法、典型工程计算实例和经济分析。     

Rehabilitating Abandoned Pastures in Panama: Control of the Invasive Exotic Grass,Saccharum spontaneum L., Using Artificial Shade Treatments

ABSTRACT

The exotic grass, Saccharum spontaneum L., has invaded abandoned agricultural lands in the Panama Canal Watershed for decades. The grass aggressively competes with regenerating tree seedlings preventing natural forest regeneration. To estimate effectual light level for controlling the grass, the growth of S. spontaneum was measured under a range of artificial shading conditions. Five shade treatment subplots–light intensities of 100% (full sunlight), 50, 25, 15, and 5%–were established at each of eight plots in land adjacent to the Panama Canal Watershed. Each site was cleared of S. spontaneum and then the regrowth was harvested. The regrowth of the grass was harvested and measured four times every one and half months for six months. The biomass of S. spontaneum was significantly less in lower light conditions than in full sunlight. The results showed that comparing growth of the grass at each harvest date, except for the first harvest date, there were significant differences between full sunlight and light intensities of 5, 15 and 25%. When compared by different harvest dates for each light level, only full sunlight showed a significant difference in biomass of the grass. The study demonstrates that shading is an effective method for controlling S. spontaneum. The results can be applied to developing reforestation strategies for abandoned lands occupied by S. spontaneum.