仔猪初生重与产仔季节的相关性研究

实验以杜洛克×米猪杂交母猪为研究对象,采用大约克公猪配种,经2年研究分析了282窝3001头新生仔猪样本。结果表明:仔猪初生重呈现明显的季节性变化。春、夏、秋、冬出生仔猪的平均初生体重分别为1.101kg、1.049kg、1.152kg、1.163kg,其中春季和夏季分别显著低于秋季和冬季(P<0.05)。仔猪初生重的均匀度以春、冬季最佳。但供试母猪的妊娠期、产活仔数和初生窝重没有类似变化,提示仔猪初生重的这种季节性变化不是由这些因素所致,而很可能与不同季节的环境温度、光照周期以及动物的内分泌特点有关。子宫内生长阻滞(IUGR)的新生仔猪的比例在夏季为10.12%,显著高于秋季的4.83%(P<0.05),证明母猪妊娠后期的热应激会严重阻碍胚胎发育。     

百例牛剖腹产手术的经验及技术探讨

难产是牛常见的产科病之一，奶牛发病明显高于黄牛。难产发生以后，经过各种办法难以从阴道产出犊牛，就应果断的，不失时机的施行剖腹产手术，从而有效的救治牛只。如能慎重果断的选择病例，早期进行手术，加上熟练的技术，成功率是很高的。     

基于全基因组填充重测序关联分析鉴别影响苏山猪初生体尺与乳头数性状的遗传位点

旨在鉴别影响苏山猪初生体尺和乳头数性状的遗传位点,开发可用于辅助育种的分子标记,为苏山猪生长和繁殖性能的持续选育提供理论基础。本试验对269头苏山猪初生仔猪(出生后24 h内)的体尺和乳头数表型进行测定,并采集耳组织样品。基于全基因组重测序及基因型填充策略,利用全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study, GWAS)和群体分化指数(fixation index,Fst)的方法挖掘与目的性状强关联位点,并对位置功能候选基因开展GO和KEGG分析,确定最有可能的主效基因。本研究共鉴别到4个候选位点,分布在13、14和X染色体上,其中与初生体尺性状显著关联的位点有2个,与乳头数性状显著关联的位点有2个。本研究筛选出1个与体长性状相关的候选基因ACTA2;1个与胸围性状相关的候选基因COL4A6;3个与乳头数性状相关的候选基因ACTA2、CRTAP和SEPTIN6,为苏山猪初生体尺性状和乳头数性状的遗传改良提供了重要的分子标记。     

Intra‐household constraints on educational attainment in rural households in Papua New Guinea

This paper examines intra‐household and socio‐cultural factors leading to differential outcomes in educational attainment by gender and birth order amongst smallholder oil palm households in Papua New Guinea. Not all children share equitably in the household resources allocated to education: females have lower average education levels than males, and high birth order children have higher education attainment than lower birth order siblings, indicating preferential parental investment in sons and early born children. The findings demonstrate that despite households having regular access to relatively high incomes from oil palm and residing in close proximity to schools, primary school net enrolment rates remain significantly lower than those for East Asia and the Pacific region, and the millennium development goal of universal primary education has not been met. This finding is likely to be the result of a combination of intra‐household factors including gender power imbalances, low parental education levels, the agency of youth in educational decision‐making and the weakening attraction of education as a means of improving income‐earning potential.     

青藏高原东北边缘亚高山桦木林种群年龄结构

基于10个典型样地的调查数据,对白桦、红桦、糙皮桦3种天然分布于青藏高原东北边缘亚高山带的主要桦木种群年龄结构进行了测度分析．结果表明,3种桦树的年龄结构较复杂,白桦和糙皮桦均属于增长型(发育的前期)或稳定型(发育的中期),而红桦的不同群丛属于增长型(发育的初期)或始衰型(发育的中后期),不同群落之间差异明显; 聚类分析结果显示,青藏高原东北边缘桦木林年龄结构大致可以分为5类,中华柳—糙皮桦林单独聚为第1类,桦叶荚蓬—白桦林和辽东栎—山杨—白桦林聚为第2类,箭竹—白桦林、糙皮桦纯林、红桦纯林、山杨—白桦林聚为第3类,白桦纯林单独聚为第4类,箭竹—红桦林和青杆—白桦林聚为第5类．出现以上情况,不仅与群落本身的性质有关,而且与人为干扰和地区环境差异有关．因此,为保护该地区桦木林,不但要进行适当择伐,减少人为干扰,而且应对其进行长期的定位监测．     

胎次、月份及背膘厚度对母猪繁殖性能的影响

为探明不同胎次、产仔月份及背膘厚度对母猪繁殖性能的影响,对福建省某猪场3 972窝长大二元母猪的繁殖记录进行统计,选择不同阶段长大二元母猪508头测定其背膘厚度并记录产仔情况,按胎次、产仔月份及背膘厚度分别对母猪繁殖性能的影响进行分析。结果表明：长大二元母猪3～6胎的产仔性能较好,第1胎总产仔数、初生均重较低,显著低于2～7胎（P<0.05）,产活仔数显著低于2～6胎（P<0.05）;总产仔数及产活仔数在2,3,5月份较高,在1,11,12月份较低,产死胎窝数母猪最多在7,8月份;配种背膘厚18～20 mm组的总产仔数、活仔数显著高于背膘厚度≥21 mm组（P<0.05）;断奶背膘厚16～20 mm组产仔性能较好但与其他组差异不显著（P>0.05）;产前背膘厚度为20～23 mm组的总产仔数、产活仔数显著高于10～15 mm组（P<0.05）,背膘厚度≥24 mm的母猪产死胎窝数比例最高为58%;泌乳阶段母猪背膘损失4～6 mm之间母猪断奶至下一次发情间隔时间最短,显著少于背膘损失>6 mm组及<0 mm组（P<0.05）。表明胎次、产仔月份、背膘厚度对母猪繁殖性能有较大影响。     

B6-Co与B6小鼠眼睑角质形成细胞的原代无血清培养及比较研究

为进一步研究B6-Co小鼠眼睑发育缺陷机制,首次培养了小鼠眼睑角质形成细胞,并对B6-Co和B6小鼠眼睑角质形成细胞的迁移能力进行划痕实验分析,FITC-phalloidin染色比较B6-Co和B6小鼠肌动蛋白细胞骨架.结果表明,B6-Co小鼠眼睑角质形成细胞迁移的数目和距离明显少于B6小鼠.细胞骨架异常,B6-Co小鼠眼睑闭合不全(EOB)是由小鼠眼睑角质形成细胞迁移缺陷造成的.     

具二次脉冲效应的单种群动力学模型分析

讨论了一类具脉冲出生与脉冲收获及脉冲投放的单种群动力学模型,利用离散动力系统频闪映射理论,得到了一个生物资源管理控制值的充分条件.     

小鼠上皮细胞培养及其在EOB研究中的应用

小鼠眼睑发育需要表皮角质形成细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡及迁移的协调作用。表皮角质形成细胞是研究眼睑闭合不全机制重要的细胞模型。表皮角质形成细胞培养时,贴壁差,增殖力低,生活力弱,生长条件要求高,传代次数有限。对近年来表皮角质形成细胞的体外培养方法及其在遗传性眼睑闭合不全研究中的应用进行综述,以期为表皮角质形成细胞的长期培养和研究人类先天性眼睑发育缺陷机制提供参考。     

PrP genotype and lamb birth weight in a scrapie-free environment: Is there an association?

The National Scrapie Plan (NSP) for Great Britain includes selective breeding programmes. These aim to reduce the frequencies of the ovine prion protein (PrP) genotypes at high risk of developing clinical disease (principally those containing the VRQ allele) within the national flock, and select for the low-risk ARR-containing genotypes. The aim of this work was to use available data from embryo transfer programmes in guaranteed scrapie-free environments to investigate whether there was a difference in lamb birth weight associated with the lamb's PrP genotype, which might affect survival. The first analysis utilised data from 355 Cheviot lambs born between 2001 and 2004. The analysis was then repeated using a larger data set of 737 Cheviot, Dorset and Suffolk lambs born between 1999 and 2003. The most important determinants of mean lamb birth weight were litter size, sex and recipient ewe breed, plus lamb breed in the three breed analysis. In both analyses the effects of all these variables are consistent and of the same order of magnitude. In the first analysis there was evidence for an apparent increase in mean lamb birth weight for the ARR-containing genotypes of 0.3 kg (95% C.I. 0.1–0.5 kg). Whereas, in the second data set there was evidence for a decrease in mean lamb birth weight for the VRQ-containing genotypes of − 0.6 kg (95% C.I. − 0.8 to − 0.4 kg). This had been masked in the first analysis by the categorisation of these genotypes with the ARQ/ARQ genotype. Within these flocks, in a scrapie-free environment, neither finding provides support for concerns that selection for low risk ARR-containing genotypes would be detrimental to lamb birth weight, which is considered to be the most important determinant of lamb survival. Extension of this work into field flocks, where scrapie-status cannot be easily assured, will require the collection of sufficient data to adjust for known direct effects as well as any additional potential confounding effects.