昆明市奶牛隐性乳房炎流行状况调查

奶牛隐性乳房炎发病率高、流行广,是导致奶业经济损失最大的疾病。为了解昆明市奶牛场隐性乳房炎的流行状况,采用加州乳房炎检测法(CMT)对昆明市周边3个标准化奶牛场和3个奶牛合作社奶牛按照30%比例进行随机抽样检查。在抽检的2 297份乳样中,隐性乳房炎阳性数为897份,阳性率为39.05%,规模化奶牛场的隐性乳房炎阳性率(28.79%)显著低于奶牛合作社(56.21%)(P<0.01);奶牛后乳区发病率(69.34%)明显高于前乳区(57.64%);随着产犊胎次的增加,奶牛乳房炎患病率随之显著增高。本调查对掌握昆明地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的发病情况,以及早发现和控制该病发生、提高牛奶质量具有重要的指导意义。     

隐性乳房炎试验(CMT)及防治方案

[目的]为找出陕西地区奶牛隐型乳房炎的临界点。[方法]采用生产上常用的乳房炎诊断方法,通过间接测定乳中体细胞数来诊断乳房炎的发生。[结果]找出体细胞数在47.46万以上时才依次表现出弱阳性、阳性、强阳性的特征。[结论]从而依据以上结果制定出两种方案用于预防和治疗乳房炎的发生。     

CMT和(S)-CMT对菊花水培扦插生根的影响

为初步探明2种新合成的酰脲类化合物CMT和(S)-CMT对植物生长发育的影响,以不同浓度的CMT和(S)-CMT水溶液对菊花插条基部进行处理,测定了处理后水培扦插不同时期菊花的生根和根苗生长状况。结果表明,CMT和(S)-CMT均能明显提高扦插菊花的生根率、生根数和根长,并使根和苗生长健壮。二者均以5mg/L处理效果较好,其中(S)-CMT 5 mg/L为最佳。     

p63和Calponin蛋白在犬乳腺肿瘤中的表达及意义

为便于确定肿瘤的组织学来源,推测其在兽医临床诊断中的鉴别意义,研究p63和Calponin蛋白在20例犬乳腺肿瘤(canine mammary tumor,CMT)病例中的表达,采用免疫组织化学(immunohistochemistry,IHC)SP染色方法和光学显微镜观察进行确诊。结果表明,鼠抗人单克隆抗体p63和Calponin可用于犬乳腺肿瘤病例中肌上皮的表达研究,在乳头状瘤、混合瘤及腺肌上皮瘤等犬良性乳腺肿瘤组织中p63与Calponin表达为阳性或强阳性;在乳头状癌、浸润性导管癌等恶性肿瘤组织中p63与Calponin蛋白表现为阴性或局灶阳性。选择p63与Calponin作为犬乳腺肿瘤组织基底和腺肌上皮细胞的标记物有一定的敏感性和特异性,对良、恶性乳腺肿瘤组织、乳腺肿瘤或癌旁组织的来源和临床诊断等具有鉴别和指导作用。     

Application of the California mastitis test in intramammary Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus infections of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Kenya

A study was conducted on 207 lactating camels in six herds in Kenya to evaluate the California mastitis test (CMT) for the detection of intramammary infections (IMIs) caused by Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus and to investigate the prevalence of both the pathogens in the camel udder. IMI with S. agalactiae was found in 12% of all camels sampled. IMI with S. aureus was present in 11% of all camels sampled. The herd-level prevalence of IMI varied between 0 and 50% for S. agalactiae and between 0 and 13% for S. aureus. Longitudinal observations over 10–12 months confirmed persistent infections for both pathogens. Observations in one herd suggested that camel pox was a contributing factor in spreading and exacerbating S. agalactiae udder infections.The CMT had quarter-level sensitivities of 77 and 68% for S. agalactiae and S. aureus in camels, respectively. The CMT specificities were 91% for both the pathogens.     

规模化奶牛场奶牛亚临床型乳房炎流行规律调查

目的 本研究旨在摸清兰考县规模化奶牛场奶牛亚临床乳房炎流行规律,为该病的防控提供参考。方法 采用加州奶牛亚临床乳房炎试验（CMT）方法对3 家规模化奶牛场的547 头泌乳奶牛进行亚临床乳房炎检测,调查该病与奶牛胎次、泌乳期和乳区的关系。结果 奶牛阳性率为20.11%,乳区阳性率为10.88%;1~2、3~4和≥5胎次的奶牛发病率分别为13.37%、20.53%和29.46%;泌乳前期、泌乳中期和泌乳后期发病率分别为15.11%、22.12%和30.89%;乳区阳性率介于8.59%~13.16%。结论 兰考县规模化奶牛场奶牛亚临床型乳房炎的发病率相对较低,与胎次、泌乳期存在正相关,与乳区无明显关系。     

2种奶牛隐性乳房炎检测方法比较

文章旨在更准确地检测隐性乳房炎，为评价隐性乳房炎乳汁的变化提供参考。试验分别采用加州乳房炎检测（CMT）法与溴麝香草酚蓝检测（BTB）法对35头奶牛进行隐性乳房炎的检测，同时比较了2种测定方法下乳pH、乳血清淀粉样蛋白A（SAA）、乳成分及血液常规成分的差异。结果表明，2种检测方法中，CMT法检出阳性率（40%）高于BTB法（34.3%），但差异不显著（P>0.05）；而CMT法的吻合率（35.71%）低于BTB法（41.67%）。2种检测方法呈阳性的乳pH显著高于阴性组（P<0.05），BTB检测法呈阳性乳的体细胞数显著高于（P<0.05）阴性乳，而CMT法检测呈阳性的乳中体细胞数（SCC）的对数值比阴性乳高13.6%；BTB法检测呈阳性的SAA显著低于阴性组（P<0.05）。2组阳性与阴性组间奶牛血细胞成分无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论表明，2种检测方法中，CMT法比BTB法灵敏，但BTB法更准确。     

Application of the California mastitis test in intramammary Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus infections of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Kenya

A study was conducted on 207 lactating camels in six herds in Kenya to evaluate the California mastitis test (CMT) for the detection of intramammary infections (IMIs) caused by Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus and to investigate the prevalence of both the pathogens in the camel udder. IMI with S. agalactiae was found in 12% of all camels sampled. IMI with S. aureus was present in 11% of all camels sampled. The herd-level prevalence of IMI varied between 0 and 50% for S. agalactiae and between 0 and 13% for S. aureus. Longitudinal observations over 10–12 months confirmed persistent infections for both pathogens. Observations in one herd suggested that camel pox was a contributing factor in spreading and exacerbating S. agalactiae udder infections.

The CMT had quarter-level sensitivities of 77 and 68% for S. agalactiae and S. aureus in camels, respectively. The CMT specificities were 91% for both the pathogens.     

Evaluation of the hygienic quality and associated public health hazards of raw milk marketed by smallholder dairy producers in the Dar es Salaam region, Tanzania

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine three parameters of the quality of the raw milk marketed by milk selling points (MSPs) in Dar es Salaam region. Total bacterial count (TBC) was used as an indicator of the microbial quality of the milk; antimicrobial residues were determined; and the California mastitis test (CMT) was used to screen for milk somatic cells as an indication of the mastitis level in the cows that provided the milk. Moreover, a water sample at each MSP was taken for bacteriological culturing. Finally, a questionnaire survey was conducted with the milk sellers at the MSPs to identify risk factors for poor milk hygiene. A total of 128 milk samples and corresponding water samples were collected from randomly selected milk selling points in Dar es Salaam region. The mean TBC was (8.2± 1.9) × 10⁶ cfu/ml, and major bacterial isolates from the milk samples were Escherichia coli (6.3%), Bacillus cereus (6.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (6.3%) and Streptococcus agalactiae (6.3%), Enterobacter aerogenes (5.6%) and Enterococcus faecalis (4.7%). In most cases, the organisms identified in milk corresponded to those isolated from the corresponding water samples. Of milk samples, 79.0% were positive to the CMT and 7.0% were positive for antimicrobial residues. TBC was normalized by log-transformation, and the possible predictors of TBC were identified by fitting two linear regression models. In a random effect model, water microbial quality, frequency of cleaning the milk containers, frequency of milk supply, milk storage time and the type of containers, and mixing of fresh and previous milk were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the mean log TBC. In a fixed effect model, in addition to these indicators, water shortage, water source and the refrigerator condition were significantly (p ≤ 0.01) associated with log TBC. It was concluded that the milk sold in Dar es Salaam region is of poor quality and is of public health significance.