Survey of the Product and Technology of Handhold Computer

The development circumstance about Handhold Computer technology and products at home and abroad are described in details, resumes the development of the technology and elaborates the difference between our country's technology and the advanced foreign technology. Besides, it also introduces the relationship of Windows CE and Handhold Computer.     

燃料电池汽车智能仪表开发

通过对燃料电池汽车和现代汽车仪表的研究开发了一套智能仪表信息系统。该仪表以液晶显示屏为主背景．可数字化显示车速、里程、挡位信号、报警信号、环境温度，监测燃料电池的状态等，具有汽车故障诊断数据接口，读出保存的数据可以分析汽车的运行情况，有良好的多功能扩展性；软件设计基于国际流行的WindowsCE平台。     

盐生植物大米草在我国滩涂种植的利弊分析

大米草(SpartinaanglicaCEHubbard)有保滩护岸、促淤造陆、防治污染等作用,但它的急速扩散和传播也会堵塞航道,诱发赤潮,破坏近海生物栖息环境等。本文概述了大米草的生物学特性和引种历史,综合分析其大面积种植后对我国滩涂生态环境的影响。建议加强对大米草的生物防治和综合利用研究。     

牛乳中乳铁蛋白随着季节变化规律的研究

为了解牛乳中乳铁蛋白(LF)随着季节、饲养环境而变化的规律,利用毛细管电泳法,分别对从牧场、小区、奶户采集的牛乳样中的LF进行检测,取样周期为1年。结果得出,牧场牛乳中的LF含量高于小区牛乳的,奶户牛乳中的LF含量最低。1月份牧场牛乳的LF含量最高,为0.16mg/mL,而奶户牛乳中的LF含量最低,为0.08mg/mL;9月份牧场、小区和奶户牛乳中的LF含量最低,分别为0.03,0.05和0.06mg/mL。结果表明,随着管理水平的提高和气候的变冷,牛乳中LF含量逐渐升高。     

The effect of introgressions of wheat D-genome chromosomes into 'Presto' triticale

Hexaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) (2n= 6x= 42, AABBRR) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (2n= 6x= 42, AABBDD) differ in their R and D-genomes. This produces differences in both agronomic and end-use quality characteristics. Our objective was to determine how introgressions of individual chromosomes from the D-genome of wheat affect these characteristics of a winter triticale 'Presto'. We studied the effects of 18 D-genome chromosome substitution lines, 15 sib-lines as controls, and five check cultivars at Lincoln, NE in 1996, using a randomized complete block design with two replications. The experiment was repeated at Lincoln and Mead, NE in 1997 and 1998 with 15 substitution lines that survived the first winter in Lincoln, along with their 12 control sibs and five check cultivars. Few D-genome chromosomes had positive effects. Chromosomes 2D, 4D, and 6D significantly reduced plant height when substituted for 2R, 4B, and 6R, respectively. No grain yield increases were associated with any of the D-genome chromosomes tested, but three substitutions decreased the grain yield. Depending on the allele of the hardness gene present, chromosome 5D increased or decreased kernel hardness when substituted for 5R or 5A, respectively. Introgressions of chromosomes 1D and 6D improved end-use quality characteristics of Presto. These results suggest that apart from beneficial effects of individual loci located on the D-genome chromosomes, no major benefit can be expected from D-genome chromosome substitutions.     

我国农机制造业的创新之道--以PLM环境下并行工程应用为例

发展我国农机制造业必须着眼于企业核心竞争力的构建,本文提出用PLM环境下并行工程理论为指导,在农机制造企业中导入现代制造管理技术和先进的产品设计方法,改进产品设计和生产方式,以提升我国农机制造业总体水平。     

Metabolite profiling of sheath blight disease resistance in rice: in the case of positive ion mode analysis by CE/TOF-MS

Rice sheath blight is an important disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The resistant and susceptible rice lines (32R and 29S, respectively) showed different responses to R. solani infection in metabolite levels. The aim of this study was to characterize the metabolite levels in rice lines during R. solani infection using capillary electrophoresis equipped with time of flight mass spectrophotometry (CE/TOF-MS) in positive ion mode. Hundred metabolites were identified and classified into six clusters by hierarchical cluster using Mass Profiler Professional software. Changes in metabolite level at inoculated 32R and 29S were mapped on branches of tricarboxylic acid and glycolysis pathway. Volcano plot successfully filtered the metabolites based on fold change and p-value. The volcano plot result showed that 10 metabolites were up and down regulated in inoculated 32R relative to 29S. One metabolite, chlorogenic acid, showed a positive response in 32R. Meanwhile, pipecolic acid showed as the highest magnitude of fold change and p-value significance level in 29S. In addition, eight amino acids; glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, glycine, histidine, phenylalanine, serine, tryptophan, and tyrosine showed increase in 29S after R. solani inoculation.     

Suitability of tef varieties in mixed wheat flour bread matrices: A physico-chemical and nutritional approach

Wheat flour replacement from 0 to 40% by single tef flours from three Ethiopian varieties DZ-01-99 (brown grain tef), DZ-Cr-37 (white grain tef) and DZ-Cr-387 (Quncho, white grain tef) yielded a technologically viable ciabatta type composite bread with acceptable sensory properties and enhanced nutritional value, as compared to 100% refined wheat flour. Incorporation of tef flour from 30% to 40% imparted discreet negative effects in terms of decreased loaf volume and crumb resilience, and increase of crumb hardness in brown tef blended breads. Increment of crumb hardness on aging was in general much lower in tef blended breads compared to wheat bread counterparts, revealing slower firming kinetics, especially for brown tef blended breads. Blended breads with 40% white tef exhibited similar extent and variable rate of retrogradation kinetics along storage, while brown tef-blended breads retrograded slower but in higher extent than control wheat flour breads. Breads that contains 40% tef grain flour were found to contain five folds (DZ-01-99, DZ-Cr-387) to 10 folds (DZ-Cr-37) Fe, three folds Mn, twice Cu, Zn and Mg, and 1.5 times Ca, K, and P contents as compared to the contents found in 100% refined wheat grain flour breads. In addition, suitable dietary trends for lower rapidly digestible starch and starch digestion rate index were met from tef grain flour fortified breads.     

Development of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method for analysis of organic N monomers in soil

The aim of this study was to develop an analytical procedure based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) for analysis of monomeric organic N compounds in soil extracts. To benchmark the developed LC–MS method it was compared with a capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE–MS) method recently used for analysis of small organic N monomers in soil. The separation was optimized and analytical performance assessed with 69 purified standards, then the LC–MS method was used to analyse soil extracts. Sixty-two out of 69 standards were analysable by LC–MS with separation on a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column. The seven compounds that could not be analysed were strongly cationic polyamines. Limits of detection for a 5 μL injection ranged between 0.002 and 0.38 μmol L⁻¹, with the majority (49 out of 62) having limits of detection better than 0.05 μmol L⁻¹. The overall profile and concentration of small organic N monomers in soil extracts was broadly similar between LC–MS and CE–MS, with the notable exception of four ureides that were detected by LC–MS only. In soil extracts that had been concentrated ten-fold the detection and quantification of (some) organic N compounds was compromised by the presence of large amounts of inorganic salts. The developed LC–MS method offered advantages and disadvantages relative to CE–MS, and a combination of the two methods would achieve the broadest possible coverage of organic N in soil extracts.