鸡沙门氏菌弱毒冻干苗的研制

由减毒鸡沙门氏苗97A疫苗株作为制苗用菌种，经普通琼脂培养，冷冻真空干燥等工艺生产鸡沙门氏菌弱毒疫苗4批，每批疫苗分别以免疫剂量接种6日龄AA肉鸡，免疫第14天时，用强毒株Sg9和Sp4攻击，免疫组死亡保护率均达90％以上，试验结果表明，该苗具有良好的安全性和免疫效果。     

Evaluation of Five Most Commonly Grown Cotton Cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Under Mediterranean Conditions: Productivity and Fibre Quality

Studies were conducted in four regions of central Greece (Larisa, Karditsa, Livadia, Thiva), to evaluate the productivity and fibre properties (fibre strength and fibre length) of the five most commonly grown cotton cultivars in these regions. The experiments lasted for 6 years (1995–2000). All the characteristics tested were strongly influenced by the factors ‘year’, ‘cultivar’ and ‘region’. Significant cultivar × region, year × cultivar, region × year and cultivar × region × year interactions occurred for all the characteristics studied. The cultivar Alegria had the highest seed‐cotton and lint yield, while Aria had the lowest ones. Both cultivars gave the highest mean lint percentage but the lowest mean boll weight (MBW). Alegria had the lowest fibre strength, while Aria had the highest. The Acala‐type cultivars, Acala SJ2 and Zeta 2, had intermediate seed‐cotton and lint yield, while Vered 171 had high seed‐cotton and satisfactory lint yield. The three cultivars mentioned above had the highest MBW and very good fibre strength. Positive correlation was observed between fibre strength and length. In spite of the fact that mean fibre length was statistically the same in all cultivars, it was influenced by the factor ‘year’, as a result of different weather conditions. The year 1996 was the most unfavourable one for seed‐cotton yield and MBW, because it was characterized by lower than average air temperatures and rather dry conditions for all study sites. The factor ‘region’, a combination of different climatic conditions and cultural practices, influenced significantly all the parameters studied.     

略阳乌鸡体重和产蛋数性状遗传参数估计

【目的】略阳乌鸡是陕西省特有的家禽品种,该品种具有体型大、肉质好、氨基酸含量丰富、对林地散养适应性强的优点,但也存在生长缓慢,产蛋性能差的不足。为此,在系统测定略阳乌鸡生产性能的基础上,开展对体重和产蛋性状遗传参数的估计,阐明遗传效应对上述性状的调控作用及性状间的遗传关系,期望为这些性状的选育奠定理论基础。【方法】对略阳乌鸡蛋用系一世代71个半同胞家系799只公鸡和804只母鸡6、10、14、20周龄和开产日龄体重进行测定,以个体为单位记录从开产到31、35和40周龄产蛋数,以四分位数〒1.5倍四分位距为界删除异常值,更正性别记录错误。以性别为固定效应,育种值为随机效应用单变量动物模型估计各性状遗传力,用双变量动物模型估计性状间遗传相关,用逆伽玛分布指定育种值和残差项方差先验分布,用贝叶斯算法执行130 000次迭代,弃去前30 000次迭代结果,以100为间隔抽取1 000个估计值获得方差和协方差后验分布,计算各性状遗传力和性状间遗传相关。用R语言PerformanceAnalytics软件包chart.Correlation命令计算性状间表型相关。【结果】略阳乌鸡6、10、14、2...     

水培条件下钾对大蒜幼苗生长及根系活力的影响

以‘金乡白皮蒜’为试材,采用设施水培探讨了不同K+浓度对大蒜幼苗生长及根系活力的影响。结果表明:钾可显著增加大蒜幼苗生长量及根系活力;当营养液K+浓度为6.0mmol/L时,大蒜幼苗叶长、叶宽、假茎高、假茎粗、根长及根系活力最大,绿叶数及根系数最多,大蒜幼苗叶片、假茎、鳞茎及根系干、鲜重也最大,较不施钾处理干重分别增加133.91%、167.22%、146.31%和116.74%,鲜重分别提高168.34%2、43.18%、153.24%和128.78%。     

Analysis of the seed dispersal patterns of wild soybean as a reference for vegetation management around genetically modified soybean fields

There are concerns that genetically modified soybean might threaten the genetic diversity of the wild soybean populations that are distributed in East Asia because genetically modified soybean has no crossing barrier with wild soybean. A simple and effective method to prevent hybridization via pollen flow is spatial separation between the two species because their hybridization occurs only when they grow in close proximity. Therefore, the invasiveness of wild soybean needs to be known in order to secure the appropriate distances. As wild soybean seeds are dispersed mechanically by pod dehiscence, an experiment was conducted in which white sheets were placed on the ground, concentric circles were drawn around the parent plants, and the number of dispersed seeds within each 0.5 m‐wide zone were counted. About 40% of the produced seeds were dispersed and the number of dispersed seeds gradually declined as the distance from the parent plants increased. The model that explained the relationship between the number and distance of the dispersed seeds was produced by using a generalized linear model procedure. More than 95, 99, and 99.9% of the produced seeds stayed within 3.5, 5.0, and 6.5 m after natural pod dehiscence. Knowing these values is useful for evaluating the level of invasive risk by mechanical seed dispersal. The goal of the work is to efficiently and deliberately prevent hybridization by isolating genetically modified soybean fields and wild soybean populations by vegetation management, including weeding and setting up specific‐width buffer zones.     

基于改进的PSO进化神经计算进行苹果颜色快速分级

为克服在苹果颜色分级中存在的速度慢、误差大等缺点,基于再现群智能的粒子群进化算法和神经计算技术,提出了一种新颖、快速的智能分级方法,即首先通过计算机视觉技术获取苹果表面颜色的色度,并提取其特征;然后采用改进的带自适应惯性权值的粒子群优化算法训练神经网络结构,最后用训练好的神经网络进行苹果颜色分级。实际应用表明该方法切实可行且效果显著,不仅分级速度快,而且分级正确率高达98%以上。     

水稻粒宽突变体gw87的基因定位及候选基因分析

[目的]对水稻粒宽突变体gw87(grain width 87)进行表型鉴定、遗传分析、基因定位及候选基因分析,为探明该基因调控水稻籽粒大小的分子机制及应用潜力奠定基础.[方法]利用甲基磺酸乙酯诱变籼稻恢复系材料676R,获得一份籽粒宽度和千粒重显著增加的突变体gw87.对该突变体进行表型观察、农艺性状调查及外源油菜素...     

耦合耕地综合质量和空间连通性的基本农田划定研究

保护集中连片的优质耕地对于保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。本文以江西省兴国县为例,从耕地的自然质量、立地条件、生态条件3个层面系统构建耕地综合质量评价指标体系;基于TOPSIS(Technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution)综合评价法对耕地综合质量进行评价,引入耕地连片度、耕地空间连通格局分析了耕地空间集聚特征,综合耕地质量及其连通特征划定永久基本农田。结果表明：从耕地综合质量来看,兴国县耕地质量由高到低划分为4个质量等级,面积分别为6204.95、16.03172、19321.79、3573.76hm2,占总耕地面积的13.75%、35.52%、42.81%、7.92%。总体来看,兴国县中等质量耕地居多,占比为78.33%。从耕地连通性来看,兴国县耕地连片程度由高到低划分为5个等级,其中一级~五级连片耕地面积分别为24731.44、6199.73、3131.54、7397.71、3671.80hm2,分别占耕地总面积的54.80%、13.73%、6.94%、16.39%、8.14%,耕地存在不同程度破碎化。将耕地质量三等以上、连片程度四级以上耕地划入基本农田,面积为37029.62hm2,占耕地总面积的82.05%,与原有划定基本农田相比,实现了划定后永久基本农田“总体稳定、布局优化、质量有提升”的目标。     

不同固含量低分子酚醛树脂浸渍改性杉木板材性能的研究

为改善杉木的物理力学性能,采用真空-加压浸渍工艺,对速生杉木进行低分子酚醛树脂增强改性处理,分析不同树脂增重率对改性杉木性能的影响,以及树脂在木材长度和厚度方向上的分布特点。结果表明,杉木经过固含量为10%、20%、30%的酚醛树脂浸渍处理后,其尺寸稳定性随树脂固含量的增加逐渐提高,静曲强度由645MPa提高至750MPa,弹性模量和表面硬度分别提高了61%、275%、482%和298%、631%、738%,但冲击韧性随着树脂增重率的增加而逐渐降低;树脂在木材长度方向上分布均匀,在厚度方向上木材表面多于其内部。     

伊犁地区荷斯坦奶牛体尺体重及外貌评分对产奶量的影响

[目的]了解荷斯坦奶牛体尺、体重及外貌评分对产奶量的影响.[方法]通过对伊犁地区荷斯坦奶牛和褐牛的品种、外貌、体尺测定登记与整理,统计伊犁地区奶牛的体高、体长、胸围、管围、体重及外貌评分并利用数据,通过SPSS13.0统计软件进行产奶量的相关性分析.[结果]荷斯坦奶牛体高、体长、胸围、管围、体重、外貌评分对产奶量有显著影响(P＜0.01).[结论]为今后该地区在奶牛群的遗传选育和生产实践中正确考虑奶牛体尺、体重、体型性状、外貌性状对生产性能的影响,选择高产、稳产、健康的奶牛,合理规划育种方案和加强饲养管理,提供可靠的依据.