PCR方法鉴别肉骨粉中的动物成份种类

为防范疯牛病传入我国,有必要鉴别肉骨粉中动物成份的种类。针对牛、羊、猪和鸡四种动物的特异性核苷酸序列,分别选用和设计了四对特异性引物,用试剂盒提取四种动物的肉骨粉或者处理过的肉组织中的DNA,然后进行PCR扩增,所扩增的目的片断大小分别为271bp、199bp、196bp、148bp,运用PCR技术建立了鉴定这四种动物源性成分的方法。结果分别扩增出四种动物的特异性条带,证明该PCR方法具有很高的特异性和敏感性,而且成本低廉,简便易行,因此可以作为鉴别肉骨粉种类的常规方法。     

实时荧光定量PCR构建奶牛生殖系统PrP基因标准品质粒和标准曲线

为阐释PrP基因在奶牛生殖系统的正常表达和正常的生理功能,以及为确定生殖系统在疯牛病垂直传播中的地位和其分子机理奠定基础,采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR的方法构建了奶牛生殖系统PrP基因的标准质粒和标准曲线。对含有目的基因质粒的EcoRⅠ酶切鉴定表明所插入的片段大小为302 bp,与预期的结果一致。所构建的标准曲线的相关系数r2=0.999,系统生成的回归方程为y=-0.29x 9.48,说明成功构建了奶牛生殖系统PrP基因的标准质粒和标准曲线,为研究PrP基因在奶牛其他组织的定量奠定基础。     

Seven samurai to protect “our” food: the reform of the food safety regulatory system in Japan after the BSE crisis of 2001

Using the case of food safety governance reform in Japan between 2001 and 2003, this paper examines the relationship between science and trust. The paper explains how the discovery of the first BSE positive cow and consequent food safety scandals in 2001 politicized the role of science in protecting the safety of the food supply. The analysis of the Parliamentary debate focuses on the contestation among legislators and other participants over three dimensions of risk science, including “knowledge,” “objects,” and “beneficiaries.” The metaphor of “seven samurai” and the relationally situated roles of “samurai,” “bandits,” and “beneficiaries” are used to show that in the process of policy making certain moral and ethical expectations on a new expert institution for food safety were contested and negotiated to frame responsibilities and commitments of social actors for creating the food system based on trust.

疯牛病非典型病例的发现与我国应对措施的建议

2003年10月日本和意大利相继报道了疯牛病非典型病例的发现,其发病年龄、组织病理学变化、致病因子痒病相关朊蛋白(PrPSc)的模式与生物学特性,均有别于典型的疯牛病病例,因而怀疑疯牛病存在新的感染途径,并担心可能存在隐藏的病例.建议密切注视国外疯牛病流行态势,从严采取进口限制措施,严防疯牛病传入;树立疯牛病防疫意识和风险意识,加强疯牛病防制宣传,群策群力,切实做好国内动物的疯牛病调查、监测和防制工作;对疯牛病非典型病例要有一个正确的认识,不要谈"非"色变,以免引起不必要的社会恐慌.     

A quantitative assessment of the BSE risk associated with fly ash and slag from the incineration of meat-and-bone meal in a gas-fired power plant in Denmark

It has been recommended that meat-and-bone meal (MBM) be incinerated at 850 °C for at least 2 s and the ashes and slag disposed of in controlled landfills, to dispose of animal-derived proteins. Most commonly, the MBM is incinerated in cement works or coal-fired power plants and the ashes and slag are incorporated into the cement or concrete.

Our goal was to assess with a Monte Carlo simulation model the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) risk to cattle and humans posed by the ash and slag. The results will be used by decision makers to evaluate the need for disposal of the fly ash in controlled landfills and the feasibility of use of the ash by the phosphate and fertilizer industries.

We assumed that all specified risk material (SRM) and MBM produced in Denmark would be incinerated in this gas-fired power plant. Based on observations in 2001, we assumed that, on average, six (range: 0–15) clinical BSE cases each year were rendered into MBM and incinerated. In addition, SRM or carcasses from 0 to 31 (median = 10) BSE-infected-but-undetected animals/BSE case were also incinerated.

The simulations were run on a 1-week basis. Our results suggest that if the slag is collected and re-incinerated the median BSE infectivity remaining in the fly ash per week would be 3.1E−11 cattle ID₅₀. A cattle ID₅₀ is the amount of infectivity that will cause infection in 50% of cattle exposed to it. During the weeks when BSE was infected in the SRM-MBM, the median infectivity in the fly ash was estimated as 8.7E−10 cattle ID₅₀ and 2.9E−12 human ID₅₀. The 95th percentiles were 2.1E−08 cattle ID₅₀ and 5.8E−10 human ID₅₀, respectively. One ton of fly ash would contain ≤1.8E−07 cattle ID₅₀ 95% of the time. These are the potential exposures of the cattle or human populations. The potential exposures of individuals are far less.     

The Shetland Islands scrapie monitoring and control programme: analysis of the clinical data collected from 772 scrapie suspects 1985-1997

There were 574 scrapie positive suspects (histopathological scrapie lesions present) and 198 scrapie negative suspects (histopathological scrapie lesions absent). The greatest number of scrapie cases were recorded in sheep of 2, 3 and 4 years of age which represented 17%, 36% and 23% of the scrapie positive suspects, respectively. The sign sensitivities and specificities for the ten recorded signs were, respectively: pruritus (62%, 42%), ataxia (23%, 74%), hyperaesthesia (32%, 74%), wool loss (25%, 73%), fleece discolouration (29%, 85%), bruxism (23%, 69%), nibbling reflex (17%, 58%), head rubbing (47%, 78%), poll rubbing (25%, 83%). These single signs had poor discriminatory values with likelihood ratios close to one (range 0.89-1.21); combinations of the four signs, pruritus, wool loss, ataxia, hyperaesthesia and emaciation were more discriminatory (range 0.30-4.3). This study covered a time period when bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) might have been introduced into the sheep population on the Shetland Islands via contaminated feed. No temporal changes could be detected in the age structure of the affected animals.     

种公牛感染温氏枝原体后的生殖健康检测研究（英文）

[目的]研究种公牛感染温氏枝原体后的生殖健康。[方法]通过血常规和生殖健康检测等方法对药物治疗前后种公牛的血液和精液品质进行试验研究。[结果]在未给予磷酸伯氨喹治疗前,病牛有轻度的贫血,血液涂片中可见大量的温氏枝原体;病牛阴囊壁肿大,睾丸变软,精液品质下降,精子活力降低,初级和次级畸形的精子比例增大;药物治疗后,温氏枝原体很快从血液中消失,临床症状逐渐缓解,顺利通过了1个月后生殖健康检测。[结论]该研究为进一步研究温氏枝原体与公牛生殖机能下降之间的关系奠定了基础。     

疯牛病发病机理和跨物种传播研究进展

疯牛病（BSE）是严重危害畜牧业和人类健康的一种传染性疾病。该病以侵害中枢神经系统为特征。由于该病的临床症状和组织病理学变化等已为人们所熟知，本文仅就疯牛病病因、发病机理、及跨物种传播作一综述。